LGBT Hate Crimes and Suicidality Among a Population-Bases...

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Hate Crimes and Suicidality Among a Population-Based Sample of Sexual-Minority Adolescents in Boston Until 1973, the American Psychiatric Association regarded the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) community as consisting of sociopathic individuals with personality disorders. Today, the stigma has lifted off of these individuals and relationships among the LGBTs are no longer crimes in the US and many other countries; however, select individuals have now taken matters into their own hands exercising differential justice in the form of transnational hate crimes against the social group. In the US alone, roughly one in five all its hate crimes are motivated by the victims sexual†¦show more content†¦Classrooms, consisting of 9th-through-12th graders from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds, were randomly sampled to complete the Boston Youth Survey. The correlation research study excluded schools that served adults, previously incarcerated students, suspended students, and severely disabled studen ts to minimize introduction of confounding variables. Participants in the Boston Youth Survey (BYS) were asked specifically with regards to their individual-level sexual orientation and suicidal ideation and attempts among other questions. Of the 2725 individuals sampled, 1878 completed the survey and were asked, on the sexual orientation item in the BYS questionnaire, to identify themselves with 1 of 6 categories that best described themselves: (1) completely heterosexual, (2) mostly heterosexual, (3) bisexual, (4) mostly homosexual, (5) completely homosexual (i.e., gay or lesbian), or (6) not sure. Respondents were then asked explicitly Have you seriously considered attempting suicide? and Have you actually attempted suicide? [within the 12 months preceding survey administration] with yes and no response options for those questions (Duncan Hatzenbuehler, 2014). To test their hypothesis, researchers then obtained LGBT hate crimes data with help from the Boston Police Department Community Disorders Unit and linked the community information to

Emotional Sensitivity And Video Game Engagement And Game...

Dr. Rachel Kowert (2014) and her colleagues conducted an experimental study that focuses on the emotional sensitivity (or ES) and its relationship with video game engagement and game-related friendships. ES refers to one’s ability to notice emotional and nonverbal cues from people. What they found proved most of their earlier predictions: 1) People with higher ES reported a leading number of online friends, both offline and only online, than people with low ES 2) High ES players will have a larger number of friends in real time transferred to online environments than those with lower ES (Kowert 2014, p.2). Although this experiment had positive results and a basic understanding of one of the components that makes someone shy, there was still more that could’ve been done to help better further their research. First, this wasn’t proven throughout a global population but only in Germany, so the data they have only suit that country and no other populations. Seco ndly, as said before, emotional sensitivity is one component of shyness that was used to determine the study. But then this means that the other components of shyness were not taken to account and therefore, can drastically change the outcome of the study. Because of these factors, it’s difficult to speculate the findings and calculate how people with shyness gain friends through video game interactions. On the other hand, Kowert has provided data on the subject and thus giving a starting point to this topic.Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of New Social Media Technology On Young People1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthe new social media technologies’ impacting on young people in today’s society? The study will examine the positive and negative impact of new media technologies on young people. 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Hard Work Free Essays

Hard work  will not guarantee you success. Let me explain – the hardest working athletes are not the ones making the most money. The most talented ones in any sport are not often described as being â€Å"hard working† The person who is putting in 12 hour days, sweating and plodding along? Getting the job done and earning very little reward? Do people get promoted within the organization on work ethic alone? Isn’t usually because they know someone, have a natural knack for something, have more â€Å"education†, or were just in the right place at the right time? I’m not saying that  hard work  goes unnoticed. We will write a custom essay sample on Hard Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coaches, managers, leaders – they often go out of their way to acknowledge and praise hard-workers. They are held up as examples to the others and given momentary spotlights, but in the end, it’s not the attribute that brings success. I have seen a lot of hard-working people get treated unfairly over my career in all avenues of life. The person that quietly goes about their business and bothers no one is rarely acknowledged. The person who has a knack for doing a lot of things well is â€Å"too valuable† to move to higher positions of authority. Hard working people are often not vocal enough to â€Å"too their own horn† and get noticed, so they are not noticed (they believe their work speaks for itself). How many people do you know that are the fall guy to get stuff done? If no one else wants to do it, we know the guy or gal we can count on to get ‘er done, right? Am I wrong? So what value is â€Å"working hard†, and why should we work hard, or expect those we lead work hard as well if there isn’t a visible payoff? Well, there’s 2 things here I want to say. Number 1 – as a leader, if you have people in your organization that work hard – make sure you acknowledge them and take a deep, accurate look at how you treat them. Are you taking advantage of them? More importantly – you, the hard-worker. Why should you work hard? Do you work hard for a reward (pay, promotion, or prestige)? Should you work hard for these things? What about for self-pride? I’m talking ego – I’m talking good pride. I’m talking about sleeping well at night, knowing that whether you work for someone else, or work for yourself, you can take pride in putting forth an ffort today that made you, your oganization, and others you served better. I think there’s much value in hard work, and I believe that kind of pride in working hard reflects our creator. But be careful, don’t try and equate hard work and being busy as one thing. I’ve seen plenty of people that are masters at being busy doing nothing, appea ring to work hard, and leveraging that to try and get ahead. That shows very little self-pride as well. So work hard, get satisfaction from doing a good job. Take pride in what you do. Just don’t ask your work to be the catalyst for pushing you to higher levels of success – that is asking too much of something so simple. Thoughts on hard work? Hard Work CAN Kill You Hard work never killed anyone. (Proverbial) Overworking can be seriously damaging to your health. Stress and long hours heart problems, increased susceptibility to infection, fatigue disorders like CFS/ME†¦ and even suicide. We live in a world where we often feel pushed to  do  more. You might be under pressure from your peers, your parents, or society in general. You might well have internalized these influences – and you may believe that to be â€Å"successful†, you need to have a high-flying career or a huge salary. Ultimately, though, you won’t be able to enjoy the fruits of your hard work if you ruin your health in the process. Working hard isn’t always a good thing. It can actually end up being selfish and destructive, if: * Your long hours cause problems for your family * You’re short-tempered with colleagues or employees * You make mistakes because you’ve been working too hard You lose your sense of perspective, and let work take over your life How to Keep Work in Perspective Recognize the importance of other things – like friends, family, hobbies, sufficient rest and relaxation†¦ If you’re working hard in the hopes of retiring early, ease up on work and enjoy your  whole life a little more – instead of hoping for a few golden years at the end of it. If you’re working hard to buy more things for your kids, ask yourself whether it’s really more money that they need – or your presence. If you’re working hard because you feel that you â€Å"should† – then remember that this is  your life, and it’s up to you to decide how to live it. * * How to cite Hard Work, Papers

Quindlen Summary free essay sample

â€Å"Turning the Page† by Anna Quindlen, she argues about the real effects of ink-press books becoming antique due to the rise of e-readers and other electronic reading devices. Quindlen is a nonfiction author that believes heavily on reading the old-fashion way from ink-press books then from e-readers or electronic reading devices. She predicts that the radio will die due to television; recorded music, ending concerts. Libraries that have stocked up in a low amount of e-readers have had all of them loaned out within the hour. A survey in 1952 asked if you were reading a book or novel. Eighteen percent of respondents said â€Å"yes†. About fifty years later, the same survey was asked and the percentage of readers has increased about a whole thirty percent. Researches have indicated that the users of e-readers are not the young still in school, but middle-aged men. Quindlen backs up her argument by finding similar authors with the same beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Quindlen Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sven Birkerts’s The Gutenberg Elegies states, the meaning of the words can change significantly depending on whether they are on a screen or in ink. In a positive note, e-reader owners are actually reading more because they are more accessible, mobile, and convenient for people. Quindlen’s hypothesis about the extinction of reading was false. In today’s society, reading from print and from e-readers will not go away. She refers to this as â€Å"e-elitism†. Reading is not just to increase one’s intelligent, but also for entertainment. Texts are everywhere, from music lyrics on a paperback to cell-phone screens, the population of people that reads grow every day.

Manganese Essays - Manganese, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese

Manganese Hi, I am Manganese. I am an element discovered in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn. My symbol was devised, coincidentally, by taking the first and third letters in the word manganese. My atomic number is 25, my atomic mass is 54.938, and my density is 7.2. I melt at 1245? C and then in turn I boil at 1962? C. A fact about my ionization energy currently escapes me, but I do have some uses and interesting facts in the rest of the paper. I am used as an antioxidant nutrient, I activate important enzymes that are needed in digestion, and I am the 12th most abundant element in the earth's crust. And now I will switch into a third person perspective because I am bored of talking in the first. Manganese is a silvery, brittle metallic element that is used to strengthen alloys with armor. Manganese metal corrodes in moist air and dissolves in acid. Pure manganese can be obtained by electrolyzing manganese sulfate or by igniting pyrolusite. The free state of the metal only occurs in meteors, but it is found in ores all over the earth, predominantly in Ukraine, Georgia, and South Africa. The alloys which are made with manganese are usually used in steelmaking, are ferromanganese, and spiegeleisen. Manganese dioxide (pyrolusite) is used in dry-cell batteries, paint, varnish oils, coloring glass, ceramics, and in preparing chlorine and iodine. Other forms of manganese are used as oxidizers, disinfectants, and as a depolarizer.

Word Subtraction

Word Subtraction Word Subtraction Word Subtraction By Sharon We all know you can form new words by adding existing words together, such as combining boat and house to make boathouse or houseboat. But did you know that a lot of common words are also formed by subtraction or taking a piece away from a longer word? The linguistic term for this is clipping. It means shortening an existing word to form a new word. The clipped form has the same meaning as the original word and becomes a word in its own right, rather than an abbreviation. This means it can be combined with other words to form compounds Here are some examples of clipped forms biopic biographical picture bra -brassià ¨re burger hamburger bus omnibus cello violoncello exam examination flu influenza fridge refrigerator gas gasoline gym gymnasium lab laboratory math mathematics (clipped to maths in British English) memo memorandum mob mobile vulgus (fickle crowd in Latin) movie moving picture pants pantaloons phone telephone piano pianoforte plane airplane pram perambulator sitcom situation comedy tie necktie typo typographical error There are lots more, of course, but these are clipped forms that have more or less replaced the longer original in everyday speech. Can you think of some others to add to the list? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireOne Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .A "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Persuasive Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Persuasive Speech - Essay Example the food that is served to us in the school cafeteria, they may actually be serving us Frankenstein foods or genetically modified foods which are not healthy. This is not to blame the canteen administrators because many of the foods sold at our groceries are in fact genetically modified and it is very difficult to figure out whether they are organic or not (Kenner). Genetically modified foods are already prevalent. They are a product of the factorization of our food industry that seeks to produce food in scale, albeit of lower quality than those that are naturally grown by our farmers. They are also peppered with chemicals so do not be surprised if you still do not feel nourished after a plentiful meal because most of the food you ate was not really food but were mostly composed of chemicals. This is not to say that natural foods are already gone and totally replaced by genetically modified foods. They are still present and are still grown by our farmers. Only that their products are seldomly picked by our grocery stores because they favor the GMO’s more than the healthier organic foods. Being such, GMO is ever present in the current servings of our cafeteria through its fast food servings. I understand that my fellow students love fast foods because of its taste and convenience. I do not like to contradict only that fast foods are not healthy both to our body and environment. This is supported by experts who concluded that â€Å"consumption of fast food, which have high energy densities and glycemic loads, and expose customers to excessive portion sizes, may be greatly contributing to the escalating the rates of overweight and obesity in the USA†. This was supported further by the study of Currie who suggested that the increase in the supply of fast food restaurants have a significant effect on obesity. It is evident that consuming non-organic food is unhealthy both to the body and environment. GMO’s food which is present in fast foods and most

Art and Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art and Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Art and Fashion" focuses on the fashion designs and Elsa Schiaparelli. Schiaparelli’s well known designs in regard to fetish, gender and sexuality, were feminine and functional and at the same time maintained the theme of Surrealist of the woman body as fetish. Schiaparelli is well remembered for working together with Salvador Dali and through their work, Surrealist work become animated and also gained life. Through working together with Dali, Schiaparelli took fashion out of the closet, turning it into dressing with attitude. Dali had much respect on the way Schiaparelli’s designs were able to bring out physical revelation to the fantasies of the insensible mind. In addition, Dali had respect on Schiaparelli’s ability to come up with a form of feminine beauty matching to male’s erotic imagination. The materiality of dressing, when used as an adornment of the body, turned Surrealist work into visual fashion, and fashion gave way for the creation of well-designed pieces out of extraordinary or ordinarily less useful objects. These facts form a basis for the explanation of why Dali and fellow Surrealists had much attraction to haute couture. One issue that is worth considering is that a majority of Schiaparelli’s work has become a key contributor in clothing design, but, unfortunately, her contribution goes unrecognized. However, Schiaparelli in collaboration with Dali managed to bring Surrealism to life, animating paintings and changing art into wearable and functional element. Schiaparelli was well aware that clothes and accessories had the ability to function as an extension of a woman, enabling women to change their personality and make a choice of what they intend to become. Apart from collaborating with Dali, Schiaparelli also collaborated with other Surrealists such as Oppenheim, Giacometti, Aragon, Fini, and Triolet in making jewelry and perfume containers and clothing. In addition, Schiaparelli's personal col lections were also thematically Surrealist (Baudot, 2006). Different from the long-term Coco Channel whose pieces of work continue to bloom, the House of Schiaparelli has not managed to achieve such stable popularity. In the same breath, Schiaparelli’s pieces of art have not been able to trigger a fabulous deal of significant analysis compared to Coco channel (Peacock, 1993). Therefore, Schiaparelli’s contributions in the fashion industry are yet to be fully acknowledged. Many have dismissed Schiaparelli’s contributions on grounds that they are derivative and others accusing her of stealing other people’s ideas. The 2007 V&A even staged fashions by Schiaparelli, but this was one of a few exhibitions that staged her work. Therefore, finding exhibitions with Schiaparelli’s work remains extremely rare and the last exhibition that had an exclusive devotion to her work took place in September 2002 and January 2003 at the museum of art in Philadelphia (W ood, 2007). Contrary to what is mentioned above, there were a number of publications on

General Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

General Mill - Essay Example Besides that, the company has its joint ventures manufacturing and marketing products in over 130 countries in addition to republics globally. Its operations are categorized into three- Foodservice and baking, International- excludes their partnership with Japan and Cereal Partners Worldwide, CPW and U.S Retail- consisting of seven divisions of the branded retail products; its joint venture with CPW sees them selling ready-to-eat cereals. Overview Recently, the Company made an acquirement of a natural snacks food corporation known as Food Should Taste Good that is located within Needham Heights. Happening within the same year, 2012, "the Company acquired a 50% interest and a 51% interest in Yoplait Marques S.A.S and Yoplait S.A.S. respectively, and later on, during August, it obtained Yoki Alimentos SA" (Reuters, n.d). Following its mission ‘Nourishing Lives’, the Company has its healthy snacks brands such as Nature Valley bars and Yoplait dairy products still having a l arge consumer base worldwide. Most notable is its Gold Medal flour that, till today, has remained the number one selling flour in the United States. The Company also participates in philanthropic efforts through its General Mills Foundation, where "more than half a million dollars has been awarded to nonprofit organizations supporting local communities since 1954" (General Mills -foundation, n.d). Furthermore, it has remained consistent in paying dividends to its investors. Coming after the Kellog Company, General Mills is the number two cereals maker in America, in terms of size. General Mills employs an estimated 35,000 employees across its network in Asia Pacific, Europe, Canada, Latin America and South Africa, its manufacturing companies are situated in beyond 30 countries. Products The Company can be said to have had great success because of its consumer-relating brands on all its products. Other than the Gold Medal flour, its breakfast products fetch a considerable consumer ba se and they include "Cheerios, Lucky Charms, Chex, Wheaties and Trix" (General mills- cereals n.d). The lineup continues on with baking mixes under the name Betty Crocker, frozen bread called Pilsbury and yoghurt called Yoplait and Colombo, the Company also makes vegetables that are frozen and preserved named Green Giant, Progresso soups and Mexican seasonings. General Mills has a natural as well as organic products venture named Small Planet Foods that is responsible for marketing Cascadian Farm vegetables plus Muir Glen soups. In addition, it has a joint venture with 8th venture for marketing and selling soy-based products; where that company has a 50-50 partnership with Dupont. Operations Owing to the fact that General Mills’ has a diverse product range where each may have similar or different specifications, the company took up professional IT services from a Management Information Systems company to design a feature in their product specifications system. This feature wo uld make it possible to conduct mass changes and undo designs of the products. The designing entailed rigorous testing with employees from its U.S and abroad operations also participating. This helped the Company to save time and minimize errors and subsequently, maintain consistent levels of quality in their products, their packaging and delivery to various parts of the world; while at the same time adhering to strict regulations. The system has the added advantage of allowing the Company to make more than 10,000 modifications

Business Law of Agency

Business Law of Agency Purpose:  People credited with this unit standard are able to: define agency; apply the law relating to creation and termination of agency; apply the law relating to authority of agents; apply the law as to the rights of third parties; and apply the law relating to the duties of a principal and an agent to each other, and the remedies for breach of duty. Task:   1 (A) a)Universal agency: In the case of universal agency the agent who deals with the third customer have the full authority and unrestricted authorities to act as like the principal. Because principal given that rights to the agent to do so. So in this case agent will see the business of Susan which is in overseas. (USLegal, NA) b) General agency:  General agency is bit similar to the universal agency in which agent take care of the principal property and look after and he have that much which principal could by himself. They can even get cash payments first instead of principal. In this case shop will cut the 30% of the total money in which they sell the silver. (GENERAL AGENT, NA) Task 2 The main legal question is: Was an agency relationship created between   Tim and   Gray? The facts of the case: Principal is Tim.   Agent is Gray. Third party is the car owner. Tim who is an accountant loved old fashioned cars and he is keen to buy one. Tim tells to grey to visit a car show. In a car auction of Mercedes Benz. Grey offers $25000 for the car. Thats how Tim makes deal with Grey and Owner. Grey knew that Time would love to buy this. The issue (s) is: Are there ways of creating an agency relationship satisfied?   Yes.   There are five ways of creating an agency relationship. Express appointment appointed orally or in writing the agent has express (or actual) authority. Ratification an agent acts without authority but the principal later ratifies (approves) the contract. Necessity operation of law in an emergency. Apparent agency (also called estoppel or ostensible agency Presumption (also called implied agency) Decision and the reasons. Example: Yes an agency relationship was created between Tim and Gray.   There are several ways of creating an agency relatlonship.   In this case the relationship was created by ratification when Tim ratified the deal. The main legal question Was the agency relationship between Michael and Livy terminated? The facts of the case: Principal is Michael.   Agent is Livy.   Third party is the tenant. Michael has a house that was for lease.   His agent was Livey.   Michael made an offer for the renewal of the lease through Livy, his agent.   The tenant was given three months to accept the terms..   One week after making an offer Michael died.   After this the tenant signed the agreement, not knowing that Michael had died. The issue (s) : Are there ways of terminating an agency relationship? Yes.   Agency relationship can be terminated by both parties or by operation of law Decision and the reasons . The agency was terminated by operation of law.   The law states that the agency relationship ends with the death of either party.   The death of Principal Michael terminated the agency relationship.   Since the third party (tenant) signed the contract after the death of the Principal (Michael) through the(   Agent ) Livy,   the contract between Michael and the tenant is void since Livy   was no longer Michaels agent at the time of contract acceptance by the tenant. Task 3   Ã‚  Ã‚   3.1  Ã‚   Barlams has a binding contract with Eastexpo for the sale and  Ã‚   purchase of 800 sheepskins. The main legal question is: Who is bound in a contract with third party agent or the principal? The facts of the case: In this scenario : Principal: Kong, Agent: Wang and third party: Barlams The fact of this case is that Kong hired a agent for his company to buy sheepskins from other companies. But they make a clause in the agreement that Wang can order only 500 sheepskins. He cannot order more than 500 without the permission of Kong. But here Wang visit Barlams and he founds the sheepskin quality is good so he order 800 of sheepskin with taking permission from Kong. The issue (s) are: According to the contract with Kong.   Wang is not allowed to ordered more than 500 sheepskins. Decision and the reasons Yes, Eastexpo can cancel the order of 800 sheepskins as they are not bound with any contract with Barlams. Their agent breaches the condition by ordering more that 800 sheepskins while he was not allowed to do that. Wang is liable as a result of his actions to either Barlam or Eastexpo. The main legal question is : Is any contract of   Barlam with Eastexpo? The facts of the case: Principal is Eastexpo. Agent is Wang. Third party is Barlams.The fact of this case is Wang order 800 sheepskins while he was not allowed to order more than 500 without permission but he did it without getting any permission from Kong. The issue (s) are: The issue is when he was in contract with Eastexpo that he cannot give order of more than 500 sheepskins then why he orders more than that to Barlams. Decision and the   reasons Yes, Wang is liable for all of this. Because he is in a contract with Eastexpo and the contract says that he can give order 500 of sheepskins but he cannot give order more than that.   So its clear that Wang is liable and he have to pay for this. Task 4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1  Ã‚   The main legal question is Is Reno has the rights to sue unnamed Principal? The facts of the case: Principal is unnamed. Park is Agent. Reno is third Party. The fact of this case is that Reno wants a swimming pool at the back of her house. So she called Park and make a contract with him to make a swimming pool in a period of one month but she pay him $10,000 00 as an initial amount. There was also a clause in the contract which says if he fails to complete the swimming pool in one month then he have to refund the initial amount. The issue (s) are: The main issue is that as per contract the swimming pool should be complete in 1 month but he fails to do so. Now he has to refund the initial amount. But after 2 month Reno get to know that he was just an agent of Brilliant constructions. But he should tell this thing before making the contract. Decision and the reasons No. Reno cannot sue the unnamed principal because there is nothing about that unnamed principal in the contract. But she can definitely sue the Park   and get her money back as she makes a contract with him. 4.2    Tanya sues James for not disclosing his relationship with Michael Hill Co. The main legal question Is Tanya able to sue Michel hill and James for did not disclosing the relation between them. The facts of the case: The fact of this case is Michael hill co was Principal, James was an agent and Tanya was a third party who wants to sell her diamond. James was hired by Michael hill to buy a 9 cut diamond on a joint account for them on a certain price. James told Tanya that he will give her the diamond but she needs to wait for the sometime. James cancel the transaction with Tanya and Michael offers the diamond on lower cost. The issue (s) are: James tried to sell the diamond on higher price to Tanya instead of Michael hill. But first he made a false promise to Michael hill that he will give a diamond on a certain price. Decision and the reasons   : No, Tanya cannot sue the Michael hill and James. Because it is not necessary to disclose the information of Principals agent. 4.3 The main legal question is Was Noreen authorized to deposited the half of the money in charities account without let them know? The facts of the case: Principal was Alan and Noreen was agent. The fact of this case is Alan is rugby a team who play rugby games through their talent and all the fees which they get paid; Noreen transferred this whole amount into Alans account. Once they got NZ $50,000 from one of their major games and Noreen deposited only half of the amount into Alans account and rest of the money they give to the charity. Which Alan used to support while before. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Noreen donates the half of the amount without the permission of Alan. But she should ask them first. Whether they like to donate or not. Because they used to support the charity a while long before. Decision and the reasons Yes, the action taken by the Noreen will be considered as unauthorized.   Because without letting them know she   donated the money. Task 5 5.1 1) The fact of this case is John was the Principal, Cathy was the agent and third party was Edwin. John hired Cathy as an agent to sell his boat because he is going overseas and he tell her that he wants to sell this as soon as possible with a minimum cost of $150,000.   After this Cathy post an add to sell the boat. She got 20 buyer but she decided to talk only 5. Then she got one of the buyer who offered her 140,000 for the boat and 10,000 for her if she accept the offer. 2) The duties which Cathy breached are they she didnt answered all of the calls. She answered only 5 calls. She should talk all of them. May shell get someone who can give her more than 150,000 and she also make a 10,000 commission by accepting the Edwins offer of 140,000. 3) John can cancel the contract with Cathy. Because he already told her the minimum amount of $150,000 and he can earn that commission profit by selling that boat himself. 5.2 The main legal question Is there any violation of the law happened by the Principal. The facts of the case: The fact of this case John was the Principal, Bryan was agent and Linda was third parties. John hired Bryan to sell an article through auction. Bryan sell the article to the Linda through auction and after some time she found that the original article had been stolen and Greg who was the real owner will be able to sue the Bryan because he sell the stolen article to Linda. The issue (s) are: The main concern is john appoints the Bryan to sell the stolen article but that time Bryan was not aware with that. But when Greg sued Bryan then he gets to know that article was stolen. But now he can able to recover the money from John. Decision and the reasons Yes, we can say that there was violation of the duties by the John. Because the article was stolen. So its illegal to sell someones article. 5.3 Assume that Jurgen is not liable to supply WDR. Explain what remedy WDR has, if any. The main legal question What remedy WDR has if Jorgen fails to supply? The facts of the case: In this case principal was Jurgen, Richard was agent and third party was WDR. Jorgen used to make chocolate and used to sell these in Adelaide local market. But after some time he appoint a agent in Sydney to sell their chocolates in Sydney local market. Richard was his agent he starts to sell their chocolates in Sydney. Richard is succeeding to arrange wine and dine stores to sell chocolates to them. But in the month of march Jorgen get some stretch in resources for the manufacturing of chocolate so he tell his agent not to accept any large order for next 3 months. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Jorgen already told to Richard not to accept any big order from any customer. But still Richard accepts big orders from WDR and from one of his new customer with same big amount.   Richard also gets a plasma TV from WDR for the promoted delivery. Decision and the reasons No, Jorgen will not be liable to supply the orders to WDR and new Customers. Richard will be liable for that. Because he takes order by himself while he knew that Jorgen told him not to accept any big orders for next 3 month. In this case WDR can sue Richard and claim all of their loss from Richard. WDR can sue Richard for not delivering the chocolates. Able to claim all their loss from Richard Can terminate the contract. Assume that Jurgen is liable to supply WDR. Explain what remedy Jurgen has, if any. The main legal question is What remedy Jorgen has if he liable to supply. The facts of the case: In this case principal was Jorgen, Richard was agent and third party was WDR. Jorgen used to make chocolate and used to sell these in Adelaide local market. But after some time he appoint a agent in Sydney to sell their chocolates in Sydney local market. Richard was his agent he starts to sell their chocolates in Sydney. Richard is succeeding to arrange wine and dine stores to sell chocolates to them. But in the month of march Jorgen get some stretch in resources for the manufacturing of chocolate so he tell his agent not to accept any large order for next 3 months. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Jorgen already told to Richard not to accept any big order from any customer. But still Richard accepts big orders from WDR and from one of his new customer with same big amount.   Richard also gets a plasma TV from WDR for the promoted delivery. Decision and the reasons Okay, Yes If Jorgen will be liable for the supply of chocolates to WDR. Then remedies which he will get is like he can claim for that Plasma TV which Richard gets from WDR also he can cancel the contract with Richard and also he can say no to Richard for his commission. Because Richard should not accept the order after gets written letter from Jorgen. 5.4  Ã‚   Discuss the remedies for breach of agents duties are applied to a given fact situation. Justify your answer. (E5-PC 5.4) Facts The office manager tells his secretary that she can buy a television for the office lunch room but she must not go over $500. The secretary buys a microwave for $750, telling the store it is for her work and to invoice them. When the invoice comes the office manager refuses to pay. What rights does the store have? The main legal question is Remedies after breaching the agents duties. The facts of the case: In this case Principal was Manager, Secretary was the agent and third party was store. The case is that Manager told secretary to buy a television for the lunch room. But it should not be more than $500. But instead of television secretary buys a microwave for $750 and she ask for the invoice to the store as for her work. The issue (s) are: The issue is that secretary breach the order of his manager and also the amount which she told to spend minimum. She buy a microwave instead of TV. When manager gets to know she refuses to pay her. Decision and the reasons The remedies should be like that: She has to pay for this by herself or if she refuse to pay then her Manager may deduct this from her salary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Contractual Remedies Act 1979. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1979/0011/latest/DLM366.html Declaratory relief law and legal definition. (2001-2016). Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/d/declaratory-relief/ Chron. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.smallbusiness.choron.com InvestorWords. (2016). Retrieved from http:/investorwords.com your dictionary. (1996-2016). Retrieved from http://www.yourdictionary.com

Treatment of Minorities in Turkey Essay -- Equality Justice Essays

Treatment of Minorities in Turkey Problems with format Turkey, a relatively new nation, is not new to internal conflict and the oppression of minorities. Wedged between Europe and the Middle East, the area occupied by Turkey has long served as a crossroads between these areas, and, as a result, Turkey's majority Islamic Arab populace is smattered with significant pockets of minorities. These religious and ethnic minorities have been the source of much controversy in Turkey, but now change appears to be on the horizon. As Turkey seeks the approval of the European Union, it has begun to implement impressive humanitarian reforms that should drastically improve the plight of the minorities that call the nation home. Undoing a Bitter History of Hate Turkey has been under the control of a self-pronounced secular administration for decades, and, ironically, progressive reform has only now become a reality as the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP) has assumed control of the government.[i] Thus far, the military establishment and existing political bureaucracy have been resistant to the AKP?s efforts to fully incorporate minority groups into mainstream society. Pointing to previous minority insurrections, military leaders are fearful that the new provisions will only serve to weaken the government's authority over the minority groups and to promote another wave of minority uprisings.[ii]? But, the possibility of membership to the European Union (EU) in 2004? has provided the AKP with adequate incentive to move forward with the reforms. EU membership does not currently include any majority Muslim nations. If Turkey were to be admitted next year, it would be first of its kind to do so. Therefore, Turkish officials hav... ...to Istanbul after synagogue blast,? The Independent (London), sec. News, November 17, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 12, 2003, p.4. [xviii] ibid, p.4. [xix] ibid, p.4. [xx] ibid, p.4. [xxi] Fiachra Gibbons, ?Comment & Analysis: The attack on Istanbul Jews is an attack on hope itself: The synagogue bombing threatens 1,300 years of tolerance,? The Guardian, November 17, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 19, 2003, p.20. [xxii] Geir Moulson, ?Erdogan challenges EU to admit Turkey, drop ?Christian club? image,? Associated Press Worldstream, sec. International News, September 3, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 19, 2003. [xxiii] ?At Last, Turkish Kurds,? p.14. [xxiv] ?Turkey still represses Kurds, despite EU-oriented reforms: rights group,? Agence France Presse, sec. International News, July 30, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 12, 2003.

Business Case Study Essay

A report on investigation into Business Case Date: May 02, 2013 Acquainted with your Business situation. I see a few problems within your business. One of the problems is changes in economic environment, which lead to conflict between stakeholders. The other problem is change of business structure. A success factor for any business is to analyse and understand the external environment in which it operates. Understanding of different types of stakeholders within business is essential too. To analyse business situation various method can be used. To analyse your current business situation I have used SWAT analyse which will give you opportunity better understand external environment and how it can impact your business. And will help you better understand conflict between stakeholders. The most basic SWOT analyse will examine how threats and opportunities can be dealt with while allowing the organisation to utilise its strengths and weaknesses to meet its key success factors [objectives]. A basic SWOT analysis should include an assessment of where the company is at current time and where it wishes to be at some point in the future . The organisation also needs to decide how far away that future is-it will vary from a few month to many years depending on the organisation, the nature of the business and its current situation (B 120, Book 1). SWOT analysis for the The Lodge Bistro Chain Strengths New IT system Initiative management stuff Possibility to adjust to changes Name and business recognition| Weaknesses Informal structure High stuff turnover Inconsistency in standards | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Opportunities New consumers base Reinstate some formal structure and rules| Threats Complete loss of concept Lose of standards Competition External economic environment| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As you can see from analyse above that the strengths will be recognition of your business and possibility of the business to adjust to new economic environment as you have initiative management team as it is described in Business Case: As an example of these issues, the young manager of one of the cafes in a central urban location began to offer a range of less expensive snacks to cater for diners on low incomes and reduced packaging to respond to the environmentally friendly principles of many customers. Another, in an area close to an office complex, offered a range of healthy eating options. It clearly shows that you have opportunities to attract new consumer’s base. Reinstate some formal structure and rules will give you better opportunity to control business Weaknesses arise from high stuff turnover, as you spend time, recourses for educating stuff. I think it would be beneficial to investigate why they leaving and looking for benefits packages you can purpose to your stuff And main threats arise from losing standards, huge competition and economic environment. For future I would purpose you to use methods like SWAT, STEEP and analyse of stakeholders before making any changes. Would be beneficial to make SWAT analyse on the way business was in 80’s and use it as comparison to current situation. It will give you opportunity to reinforce some formal structure more successfully. References The Open University (2006) B120 An Induction to business studies, Book 1, What is a business? ’, Milton Keynes, The Open University, page 95.

010 The Conversation Professor Ramos Blog

010 The Conversation Quick Write What do you think is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit WordPress.com Sign up for wordpress.com. This is the account you need to be able to post your essays. The Conversation We have already learned two important concepts: Literacy Writing Process The third concept is the metaphor of the conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used, help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided, to help us practice the principles of writing. It is true, of course, that critical thinking and writing go deeper than any set of linguistic formulas, requiring that you question assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, consider opposing arguments, and so on. But these deeper habits of thought cannot be put into practice unless you have a language for expressing them in clear, organized ways. (TSIS) State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid. Burkes Unending Conversation Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your allys assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Dont Blame the Eater You wrote a summary of the Zinczenko article for todays journal. Quick Write In your own words, what is the Conversation? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit

A report on A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner

A report on A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner It has been said that love is truest in death. The short story "A Rose For Emily", by William Faulkner, reflects the meaning of this phrase, though in a slightly psychotic way. Faulkner leaves hints of his twisted ending throughout the story. The footsteps lead the reader to the grave and include a container of arsenic, a disappearing Yankee man and the beautiful, but dark way Faulkner unweaves his yarn.Entering the drug store Miss Emily asks for poison, the stronger the better. Under the druggist's questioning, Miss Emily implies that the arsenic was meant for her rat problem (Faulkner III). Miss Emily has been known to be a lonely lady so the gossip around town predicts that she will soon be a victim of suicide. The story continues and the arsenic becomes momentarily forgotten as the predictions of impending self-death pass and Miss Emily continues to live her solitary, quiet life.William Faulkner, 1954The arsenic is a planted hint to what will come as Miss Emily's secret is found out in the end of the story. The arsenic was used to kill Miss Emily's beau, Homer Barron.Miss Emily had an affair with Homer Barron, a Yankee who came to town with a crew of road workers. The rumors around town were that Homer was not the marrying type; some cackle-eyed old ladies mused that he liked men. Homer was not a likely marriage candidate for Miss Emily. He was a rough man, a laborer, and Miss Emily was from a refined, traditional, wealthy family. At the age of thirty she had little chance to be picky however, since her father had very successfully chased away any possible suitors long ago. Just as the town gossips had decided that Miss Emily and Homer really were to be...

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a paper stating why Term

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a stating why teenagers should have a curfew - Term Paper Example Based on research teenagers under curfew have high moral respect for both their parents and other people. On the other hand, teenagers not monitored always fall in social problems. This includes violent crimes and prostitution related activities. It, therefore, is a non-disputed fact that having students in curfews shapes their future. Keeping teenagers in curfew is a means of curtailing their freedom while improving their future. The consequences of curfews for teenagers do not serve their purpose. They are lousy ideas, which force teenagers to do the exact opposite of what is expected. According to research, teenagers tend to violate rules of curfew to do the extreme. They arrive in school late and engage in indiscipline cases, to get notice from other students (Robert 68). Drawing boundaries for teenagers initiate a fight between the students and the set boundaries. Teenagers under curfew, therefore, are problematic that teenagers acting on a free will. Consequently, curfews derail teenagers from revealing their talents, which should be exploited adequately. Talents are extremely beneficial in the life of teenagers; therefore, teenagers need curfews for regulation. Students lacking curfews tend to waste their talents on non-relevant

Brown and the Board of Education Research Paper

Brown and the Board of Education - Research Paper Example On May 1954, Landmark civil rights decision was issued by the Supreme Court. The decision declared segregated schools as unconstitutional, thus Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools reached an end. In 1992, George W. Bush signed the Public Law to commemorate the Brown decision of 1954. Background: During much of the American history, federal government dealt with racial issues and disparities by drawing an invisible yet authoritative line between black and white populations. One such attempt was the racial segregation or hyper segregation of white and black children in public schools under the Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools. In Brown v. Board of Education case, brown refers to the one of the most famous fathers of America, Oliver Brown. Oliver Brown decided to seek legal redress when his daughter Linda Brown Thompson was refused enrollment in a white elementary school in Topeka, Kansas. Oliver Brown filed the case against segregated schools in 1 951 in Topeka. The following paper traces the footsteps of plaintiffs as well as the origins of one of the most important Supreme Court decision in American history, which not only molded the future of Topeka, but ultimately changed the entire nation. Brown v. Board of Education: In accordance with various sources, Oliver Brown is considered as a Lead Plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education case. However, Charles Scott Jr. claims that Oliver Brown was not a lead plaintiff but in fact his father along with Mr. Burnett and the NAACP drove the case. It is important to note that the legally mandated, segregation of public schools was not challenged for the first time by the Brown case. Previously, the segregation had also been challenged in the year 1849, by a Boston lawsuit. Furthermore, 11 lawsuits filed cases against legally mandated, segregation of public schools in Kansas, between 1881 and1949. On October 1, 1951, other law suits filed against segregation of school systems in Virg inia, Delaware, South Carolina and District of Columbia. These cases were combined with the Brown case in order to make the overall case strong enough to be presented in America’s highest court. The official name given to the combined cases was Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al. The case for the Brown plaintiffs was meticulously and authoritatively argued in the Supreme Court by NCAAP legal counsel Thurgood Marshall, who became the first African American to argue a case in the American Supreme Court. On May 17, 1954, a unanimous landmark decision was issued by the United States Supreme Court regarding the Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al case, which declared the hyper segregation of children in public schools unconstitutional. The Decision was read by Earl Warren, who at that time was the Supreme Court Chief Justice. Following is part of the statement he read: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public educa tion the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.† (Patterson et al 2001). The Supreme Court declared that racial segregation has a detrimental effect not only on African American children

Cross cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Cross cultural management - Essay Example Every country has a different culture, cultural values, and beliefs. These traits are visible in society and organizations and determine how transactions are carried out. Overcoming these differences in a new business environment is important to the overall success of the business. Cross-cultural management is involved in overcoming these cultural differences. To successfully conquer the Western market, it has numerous principles to follow for success. The article points to the difference in levels of customer service in the two markets. Americans are used to the high quality of customer service thanks to firms like Apple. Asian companies making their entry into the Western markets are not able to match these levels of customer service. Moreover, the article also argues that Western shoppers concerned about the layout of Chinese websites such as Alibaba. Perhaps reflective of the Chinese business streetscape, Alibaba's online platform has a cluttered store fonts and layouts, whereas Western shoppers are more used to minimalist layouts in online platforms. It is, therefore, evident that proper techniques in cross-cultural management will determine Alibaba's success in Western — and other foreign —markets. To illustrate differences between the West and China, I will use Hofstede's six cultural dimensions. Hofstede's adopts a problem-solving approach that is pragmatic in culture management. Hofstede defines culture as a "collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another".

Uht Milk Essay Example for Free

Uht Milk Essay I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project report entitled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† written and submitted by me to University of Pune, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Masters of Marekting Management under the guidance pf Prof. A. Ramakumar. This is my original work and the conclusions drawn therein are based on the material collected by myself. Place: Pune Date:Aruna Sampath Kumar CERTIFICATE This is to certify that project titled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† at Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd is a bonafide work carried out by Miss. Aruna Sampath Kumar, 2nd year MMM student of Sinhgad Institute of Management, Vadgoan, Pune in partial fulfillment of MMM degree of Univeristy of Pune. She has worked under our guidance and direction. Signature of DirectorSignature of Project Guide Dr. Daniel PenkarProf. A. Ramakumar Date:Date: Place: PunePlace: Pune ACKNOWLEGDEMENT I take this opportunity as privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Daniel Penkar – Director, Dr. Rupali Jain- Jt. Director and Dr. Shivaji U Gawade- Head Research, Sinhgad Institute of Management, Pune for their continous encouragement, invaluable guidance and help for Completing the present research at work. They have been a source of Inspiration to me and I am indebted to them for initiating me in the field of research. I am deeply indebted to Prof. A. Ramakumar, my project guide, Singhad Institute of Management , Pune, without his help completion of the project was highly impossible. I take this opportunity as a privilege to articulate my deep sense of gratefulness to Mr. Aldrin Joseph-Marketing Manager of Cavin Kare. Pvt. Ltd. Their encouragement and valuable guidance are gratefully acknowledged, I would also like to thank Mrs. Jessima Yasmin-Product Manager, for guiding and supporting me throughout my project. I would like to acknowledge all my family members and friends for their help and support. Lastly, I convey my gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly related to this project and helped me to complete this project report. Thanks and regards, Aruna Sampath Kumar INDEX Chapter No| Contents| Page No| *| Executive Summary| | 1| Introduction| | | 1. 1 Introduction| | | 1. 2 Objective of the Study| |. | 1. 3 Scope of Project| | | 1. 4 Limitations of Project| | 2| Conceptual Background| | 3| Profile of Organisation| | | 3. 1 Corporate Profile: Cavin Kare Group| | | 3. 2 Partnerships| | | 3. 3 Various Brands under Cavin Kare| | | 3. 4 Cavin Kare Diary Division| | 4| Research Methodology | | | 4. 1 Source Method of data collection| | | 4. 2 Method of data collection| | | 4. 3 Sampling Design | | 5| Data Presentation, Analysis Interpretation| | 6| Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions| | | 6. 1 Findings| | | 6. 2 Suggestions| | | 6. 3 Conclusion| | *| Bibliography| | *| Annexure| |. Executive Summary The project involved working with the core Marketing Department of the company, and worked as part of the marketing team that is looking at launching the Ultra Heated Milk (UHT milk) also known as tetra pack milk in TAMIL NADU. Initially, we had to understand the various players in the market, the marketing strategies and also the various pricing along with packaging techniques used by the players such as Nestle, Amul, Vijaya, Britannia, etc. We tried to analyse the gold standard of milk according to the respondents and what aspect do they value the most in their daily cup of milk. The project involved in Idea conception, product development, firming up communications, reflecting the same with external agencies that include the IMRB and media agencies such as Ogilvy and Mathew During the project, I have independently conducted and provided findings and recommendations through a qualitative research covering more than 50 respondents, via primary data collection method such as questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents were of various stratums such as double income no kids, house-wives, bachelors, students and health conscious individuals. The later stage of project involved conducting 5 In-depth interviews amongst UHT users, who were asked questions in detail about various parameters and characteristics they would look in a new player within the niche market of UHT. A focus group interview with more than four respondents about their experience with using UHT milk and comparing it with non-UHT milk users were conducted. The project involved understanding the reasons for using UHT milk and the awareness level amongst UHT milk users, and the price sensitive index in the UHT industry. Also, key reasons for respondents keeping away from daily consumption of UHT milk. The findings gave brief highlights that in the current scenario, according to respondents the UHT milk is used or preferred as a contingency product, or during crisis situation. The important factors which respondents or consumers consider while buying UHT milk. Few factors such as price matters the most during the purchase of UHT. Secondly, the longer shelf life and easy availability are next important consideration parameters in purchase of UHT milk. The secondary data for the project was collected through journals, magazines and internet research. However, being a niche market, the secondary data availability was comparatively less. The project involved a complete exposure to milk industry and fast moving goods industry where detailed concept building was structured. During the conduct and completion of the project, certain limitations have been also encountered. The same have been mentioned below. We have also suggested some recommendations in order to reduce the limitations encountered. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1:1 Introduction The project involves a detailed understanding of consumer perceptions and the key factors affecting the consumption pattern of consumers. Consumer Research is the systematic collection and analysis of consumer information for the purpose of important decision making in marketing. Consumer Research plays an important role in marketing process, helps in consumer measurement, market potential, sales forecast, each element like product mix, distribution mix, price effectiveness of an advertisement campaign or consumer acceptance of a product. The above mentioned factors have been take into consideration while formulating the questionnaire for the research project. Cavin Kare. Pvt . Ltd is rolling into the markets of Tamilnadu with new milk variants(toned milk, double toned, standardized, low fat) flavoured milk and curd. The conclusions of this project will help the company to introduce the Tetra pack milk, which is made after an ultra heated temperature, where there in no bacteria and the shelf life of the milk is very high of approximately 180 days. 1:2 Objectives of the study. * To understand the general perceptions of the milk consuming population about UHT milk. * To study the consumption pattern of UHT milk. * To broadly, understand the key reasons for minimal consumption of UHT milk. * To do the competitive analysis of UHT milk production in Tamil Nadu. 1:3 Scope of Project * The project being a qualitative and quantitative in nature gives a wide scope to the research for significant findings and conclusions. * With the recognition of consumer perceptions and consumer behaviour for Ultra Heated milk, the scope and practical application of the project has been considerably widened. * The insights from the project can be used for new product development for the company i. e. the tetra pack milk, or the UHT milk, as the stage in a new development process- the concept development and consumer testing is already conducted during the research process. * The findings and conclusions of the project give emphasis on various parameters which influence the consumer behavior such as cultural factor, social factor and personal factors. * A Survey Research, which is used in the project, is a communication approach, which involves questioning respondents and recording their responses. It is the most versatile approach for the collection of abstract information of all types. * It offers an economical and efficient means of learning opinions and attitudes, intentions and expectations of respondents * Interpretation of question by the respondent can greatly vary the responses. 1:4 Limitations of Project * Research was conducted in certain parts of Tamilnadu and the respondents have given a voluntary response. * Certain limitations has been encountered while doing the project due to which information collected and conclusion that was arrived on it were as follows: 1. Due to the stiffness in time, very less chance of interaction with a huge number of Ultra Heated milk consumers were possible. 2. The data collected were according to the convenience of the respondents and the major hurdle was time management. 3. Some cases respondents were also not willing to give answers of few questions which were open ended questions. 4. The two month research process was comparatively less for studying the entire consumer behaviour of the Ultra Heated milk. Chapter 2: Conceptual Background About the Milk and Milk Product Industry: India is the largest producer of milk in the world with an estimated production of 91mn tons in FY03. The industry has maintained a high growth of milk production of about 4-5% per annum in the last two decades, especially after Operation Flood. Food and Agricultural Organization has projected Asia and Latin America to be the focal points of milk production growth, primarily due to high consumption, low-costs and non subsidized exports. India also has an inherent advantage of being amidst major milk deficit countries in Asia and Africa. Major milk importing countries are Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand. Major Players in the Industry: The packaged milk segment is dominated by the regional and national level dairy cooperatives. These dairy co-operatives collect milk from the various small-scale vendors, pack it and distribute it under their brand name. There are certain standards set and tests conducted before the milk is collected from the vendors. The milk is tested for its fat content, taste, color, odour, quality (organoleptic test), acidity and specific gravity (water content). The standard specific gravity for cow milk is 1. 0295. The largest player in the milk market is Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) with its brand Amul that is a national level co-operative. The other National Co-operatives are Andhra Pradesh Milk Marketing Federation (APMMF) with its Vijaya brand, Karnataka Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (KCMMF) with its Nandini brand and Aavin (UHT milk) in Tamil Nadu Co-operative Milk Federation Ltd. There are numerous regional dairy cooperatives with their local brands. Gokul, Varana in Maharashtra, Saras in Rajasthan and Verka in Punjab, are the prominent ones. There are a few private players such as J K Dairy, Heritage Foods, Indiana Dairy, Dairy Specialties, etc. A few MNC players have recently entered the market. Britannia attempted to foray into the fresh pouch milk market nationally, but has withdrawn from most markets after receiving a poor response. Nestle, Britannia and Amul have forayed into emerging segments such as Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) and flavored milk. Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) milk is becoming popular and is estimated at Rs1. 5bn. Major players in the UHT milk market are cooperatives like Amul (GCMMF) and Vijaya (APMMF) and private players like Britannia and Nestle. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has also entered this market under its Mother Dairy brand. Another category of milk, which has a small market, is flavored milk (fat content of around 3%). The main brands in this category are GCMMF’s Amul Kool, Aarey’s Energee, Britannia’s Milkman and Nestle’s Fruit n Milk. Condensed milk is a popular ingredient used in homemade sweets and cakes. Nestles Milkmaid is the leading brand with more than 55% market share. The only other competitor is GCMMFs Amul. Total investment in the dairy sector between 1991-2002 was at Rs150bn, of which foreign investment was of Rs11bn. India’s total milk production is projected to grow to 108mn tons by end of 2007 as per Tenth Plan estimates. The market is estimated to touch Rs1,100bn in value terms by FY05. Product Profile: Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) is a new product for Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd. The company plans to launch the product is the mere future, after analyzing the consumer perception and purchase behavior steps. According David Louden, we can define Consumer Behaviour as processes a person goes through when purchasing and using Products and Services, including Mental and Social processes that precede and follow these actions. Consumer behaviour encompasses the behaviour that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. It is a study of the decisions of individuals, groups and organizations to spend available resources on consumption related items. There are various roles played by a consumer: a) Initiator b) Influencer c) Buyer d) User The consumer buying decision process can be explained as follows: Need Recognition Pre- Purchase Information Search Evaluation of Alternatives Puchase Decision Post Purchase Behaviour Five Force Model for Ultra Heated Milk Sector The Ultra heated milk comes under the Diary Industry. While understanding the diary industry we can apply the Porter’s Five Force Model to the industry thereby relating it to the Buyers Power, Supplier’s power, Substitutes, New entrants and Degree of Rivalry. The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers of packaged milk and dairy products as players, retailers as buyers, and raw milk producers (dairy farmers) as suppliers. The market has a three-level structure: small dairy farms form cooperatives, which are organized into 270 unions, and each state has its own federation of these unions. The food retail market in India remains fragmented, reducing buyer power, although the entry of large foreign chains is destined to increase buyer power going forward. Strong growth in the dairy market will encourage new entrants while easing competitive rivalry. Buyers Power The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers/packagers of dairy products as players, and food retailers as buyers. Food and beverage retail is fragmented in India: the non-organized segment accounts for a significant share of its revenues, and independents and small supermarket chains are significant in the organized segment. Regulations make it difficult for large foreign retailers such as Wal-Mart to gain access to the retail market. In these circumstances, where market players have many small potential buyers, buyer power is weakened. It is difficult to differentiate staple foods such as milk and butter, although manufacturers can target end-users with their branding strategies, or develop more individuated, premium products, such as organic yoghurt, to defend against the power of buyers determined to make purchasing decisions on price alone. There is some forward integration: Amul, for example, plans to open retail outlets to sell its own dairy products. Dairy products are an important part of most consumers food and beverage purchasing, and food retailers are therefore strongly motivated to stock them; this weakens their buying power, assessed overall as strong. Suppliers Power For many dairy markets, the key input is milk, which manufacturers must buy from farmers. Dairy cooperatives, which typically integrate dairy farming, milk collection, processing, and packaging, are present in developed-economy markets (e. g. Campina in India); however, they have a much more prominent role in India. Almost 100,000 dairy cooperatives are organized into 170 producer unions, which are combined at state level into 15 cooperative milk marketing federations. Some of the latter have strong consumer brands for their milk and other dairy products, such as Amul. As the Indian market is dominated by these cooperatives, the suppliers of interest are still further upstream, and include manufacturers of cattle feed, milking machines, and packaging, and providers of services such as veterinary care and artificial insemination. The products involved are fairly commoditized, and there are a reasonable number of suppliers; also, the ability of cooperatives to purchase on behalf of their members (who may be very small-scale farmers) means that supplier power is correspondingly decreased. Overall, supplier power is moderate. New Entrants The dairy market can be entered by a new company starting up, by an existing company diversifying into dairy product production, or by a dairy products company established elsewhere beginning to sell in this market. Imports of dairy products are permitted, although tariffs are not negligible. Small-scale entry, perhaps as an artisanal producer of premium dairy products, does not require very large amounts of capital. However, for new entrants aiming to challenge the major players in the mass consumer market, entry barriers are higher. Scale economies in production will be important. Most dairy products are perishable, which means that reliable supply and distribution cold chains are vital to avoid the costs of wastage this can be a particular barrier to entry in India, with its combination of hot climate and often poor infrastructure. Leading dairy product players may have strong brands, aimed at retaining end-user loyalty, which means that new players will have a more difficult task to differentiate their own brands. Government regulations include laws on food safety, which increase compliance costs. Overall, there is a strong likelihood of new players in the dairy market. Substitutes From the consumers point of view, dairy products may be used directly as food or beverages, or ingredients for other home-made foods. There are a wide range of foods and drinks that can be used in similar ways to dairy products, so if dairy price rise too high, it is easy for consumers to replace them with alternatives. This reduces the pricing freedom of retailers and market players. Some of the alternatives may have advantages for retailers, such as cheaper storage or higher margins. The threat of substitutes is assessed here as strong, although dairy products are important parts of most peoples diet and are unlikely to becompletely replaced. Rivalry The market is fairly fragmented, with the three largest federations accounting for less than 50% of the total market revenues. This decreases rivalry. Furthermore, as dairy products are usually perishable, storage costs are high. Industrial production of dairy products requires substantial, specialized assets, and the need to sell these off when leaving the market translates into high exit costs. Overall, rivalry is moderate. However, as the cooperative federations dominate the market in their home states, retailers have less real choice of dairy product maker than elsewhere, which translates into high switching costs and reduces rivalry. Chapter 3: Profile of the Organization 3:1 Corporate Profile Success is a journey not a destination. Cavin kare began with a young mind choosing the road less taken. In 1983 with a single product, cavin kare started out as a small partnership firm Chik India. In the year 1990, it was promoted as beauty cosmetics pvt ltd and was later renamed as cavin kare pvt ltd CKPL in 1998. With nnovative entrepreneur C. K Ragnathan at the helm, Cavin Kare emerged into a successful enterprise. From an initial investment 15000 cavin kare is an organization INR 5,000 Mil, well known for its quality products and excellent practices. Smart Marketing and clear product positioning not only ensure Cavin Kare’s growth but also help the company broaden its product portfolio extensively. The company now markets 10 major brands such as Chik, Fairever, Nyle, Meera, Spinz,Indica,Ruchi, CHinni, Tex and Karthika. Over the years the company has achived significant milestones and competitive edge with sound understanding of mass marketing dynaimics. The company offers high quality personal care (Hair care, skin care, home care) and food products borne out of a keen understanding of consumer needs and keeping up company’s value of innovation and customer satisfaction. Today, Cavin Kare has established a firm food hold in the national market increasing its popularity in the international arena in the markets such as Sri Lanka Malaysia Bangladesh etc. Cavin Kare has touched a turnover of 5,000 Million INR in 2006-2007. The company has employee strength of 640 and is well known for its people practice. The company invests in People process development. It has all india networks of 1300 stockists catering to about 25 lakh outlets nationally. 3:2 Partnerships 1) Hemlatha Enterprises Pvt. Ltd (HEPL) The media function of the parent company was transformed into M/S Cavin Kare Advertising Pvt LTd. (CKPL) during the late 2000 in order to cater to the parent company, CKPL needs in terms of better media planning negotiations and buying. It also planned to pitch for other clients for other non mass media business so as to function as an independent advertising agency. It started functioning as an agency on records on 29 Sep 2000 to M/s CKPL. 2) Trends In vogue Pvt Ltd Trends in vogue pvt ltd a group company of CKPL came into being on July 2002 with a clear cut focus on providing personal styling and beauty solutions to everyone in the family. The company has pioneered the concept of Family Salons in India with its specialist brands- Lime Lite and Green Trends. With a team of professionals, highly qualified cosmetologists and hair care specialists from its in house institution- trends academy and with the skill base of the Cavin Kare R and D team, trends in vogue offers a range of cosmetics treatments including those made from Natural ingredients. Two major brands under Trends in Vogue: * Limelite * Green trends 3) Maa Fruits Pvt Ltd The company acquired Maa in February 2008 and post which the company is taking efforts in building efficient systems and processes. The plans include changes in packaging and concentrated efforts to build the brand. The brand is being aggressively marketed and distributed through CKPL’s sales network. 4) Cavin Kare Diary Division A new entrant into the line of business under the Cavin Kare Group, the CK diary division started with the acquisition of Prakash Diaries at Kanchipuram. Cavin’s Milk, as the brand is named, launched in Chennai on 13th January 2009. The diary division is currently in the process of vast and rapid expansion. Toned Milk Flavored Milk Full cream milk Standardized Milk Cavin’s Curd Double Tonned Milk Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd 3:3 Brands launched by Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd Chik Shampoo Brand History: Chick was first product to be launched by Cavin Kare in 1983 and it was responsible for popularizing the concept of sachets in the shampoo category. Today 71% of the volume of shampoo comes from sachets, largely due to the contribution of Chik. Chik was the first shampoo to launch a 50 paise sachet in 1999. It further accerlarated the growth of Chik, and it became the second largest shampoo brand in the country in the year 2001. The latest market share of CHik is 18%. The shampoo has launched a new variant of Chik Anti- Dandruff. Competition: The biggest competitor of Chick Shampoo is Clinic Plus, which also entered into the territory of Chik offering 50 paise and 1 rupee sachets in 2002. Target Audience: Chik Shampoo is targeted at Women 18-35 and rural audience. Fairever Brand History: Fairness is a proposition which Indians are obseesed. Till 1998 there was a only major player Fair and Lovely which was monopolizing the market with share of 95% (98% in rural), other players like Revlon Touch and Glow, Ponds Touch and Green, Freya, Fair Plus,Nivea Fairness cream for mass markets. The company then launched the product Fairever and communicated it to the target market as â€Å"Reason to Believe† of delivering fairness. The company converted a simple consumer insight into a proposition that made sense to the target audience. Over the ages consumers believed that ‘intake of saffron and milk by expected mothers helped them to deliver a fair baby. This simple insight was converted into a product proposition and that gave birth to the brand FAIREVER. Target Audience: The fairness cream customer is typically a female. The User is the catergory of B,C,D and the most common age to start using fairness cream is 13-15 years. The target age group is 14 to 35 years. USP of the brand: Get Natural in just 4 weeks. Competitors: Fair Lovely is a big competitor in the market. Other brands such as HLL, Emami, Godrej,Elder,Paras all try to share the same pie. Karthika Meera and Karthika together in Tamil Nadu make up to 90% of the category value while the rest is made up of unbranded players. Karthika’s positioning is to provide affordable hairwah solutions in the hair wash powder front. Meera Powder Using Shikakai for hair wash was a white spread practsie in the South India specially in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The brand Meera was created based on that time tested tradional practice and was launched during 1990 in Tamil Nadu as abranded Shikakai powder. The primary target was on home made Shikakai users. Different variants like Amla, Hibiscus and brand extentions have been tried out over the years but Shikakai remains the top selling variant of the company. Competitors Information: The major competitors are Karthika, Tiger Shikakai and Samrat. Due to Meera’s premium product offering it sees a lot of traffic from premium shampoos like Sunsilk, Clinic Plus and Pantene as well. USP of the Brand: The brand benefit is on â€Å"Healthy hair for years† Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Meera Shampoo The brand launched on June 2001 in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh markets. IT has healthy growth and is currently having 10% market share in AP as on August 2006. Competitors: The major competitors are Clinic Plus, Sunsilk and Pantene. USP: The brand is build on strong and heathy hair for years. Target audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Nyle SHampoo The brand was launched in 1993 in Tamil Nadu and reached market share of 8% in 1999 but has been declining since then. Nyle mainly sells in the north west and east and competes with Ayur, Vatika and SUnsilk shampoos. Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Brand Proposition: Naturally nourishes and moisturizes for soft and shiny hair. Spinz Deo: Brand History Spinz deo comes with long lasting international fragrances sourced from the finest perfumery houses across the world. Consumer Profile: Female 15 to 28 years old. Female, Sec A and B users of Deodrants Urban and mostly college goers, women constantly on the move. Brand Ambassador Actress Genelia D’Souza ( an actress in Bollywood and Kollywood) Competitors The unorganized sector is as big as the organized one. The big players in organsied markets are Rexona, Axe, Eva, Fa, Denim, Nive and Dove. The unorganized sector consists of a lot of brands. Communication lines: â€Å"Enjoy Life nonstop† Spinz Talc Brand History The brand was launched in July 1999 in Andhra Pradesh and later in Tamil Nadu during late 1999. The brand has a good presence in Indian markets. It was relaunched later in 2002 and during this period the brand was extended across India. The brand again was relaunched in Feb 2004 for the second time with packaging upgradation and new theme commercial based on enjoyment platform. Target Audience: Female users of talc powder. In the age gropu of 15 to 35 years. Sec A and B Tex Tex is a brand in the segment of toilet cleaner product and was launched in the November 2005 in Tamil Nadu and achieved 10% market share within 3 months of its launch. Competitors: Harpic is the biggest competitor of the brand. Target audience: Housewives 25 to 45 Sec A B C Food related brands. Ruchi Pickles: The product concentrates on vegetarian pickes of ginger, mango, amla, garlic, etc. Consumer Profile: Unisex- Pickles are both consumer under male and female It is primarily consumed by people of age group 25- 50 years. Present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: The major players are Mothers Recipe, Priya, MTR, Bedekars etc Chinni Masalas Product Variants- Turmeric powder, sambhar powder, chicken masala etc. Consumer Profile: Women in the age group 20 to 45. Present in both urban and semi urban Competitors: Various majors in South India such as Shakti Masala, Aachi Masala and MTR. In North Everest, Badshah and MDH. Chinni’s Pickles: Product: Vegetarian Pickles Variants: Lime, Mango, Tomato garlic in convenient sachets. Consumer Profiles: Unisex- pickles for both male and females. Primarily consumed in the age group of 15 to 50 years Present in Urban and Semi urban and Rural areas. Competitors: Low priced Pickle market is highly fragmented market with influence changing from district to district. Major players are Pandiyan, Kala, Selvan and Ravis. Chinnis Vermicili: Variants: Regular, Payasam Consumer Profile: Unisex, present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: Bambina, MTR, True and Savourite. Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4:1 Source Method of data collection: For the purpose of this study, the research tool of the questionnaire was prepared to collect the relevant primary data pertaining to the customers buying behavior or general perceptions towards Ultra Heated Milk (UHT). The data collected was based on the random sampling of both UHT milk users and non UHT milk users. Besides, primary data was collected with the help of the questionnaire, the information was also collected through books, magazines, internet and newspapers. 4:2 Methods of data collection: The Primary Data Collection Method such as: * Survey Method * In-depth Interview Survey Method: In this method requisite information is collected through a questionnaire. To collect the information for this project we conducted with help of stratums. In-depth Interview: In this method the views of the customers were gathered on the basis of the questionnaire that was prepared on the feedback collected from the study. The Secondary Data collection method such as: * Magazines * Internet * Research by other players * Online research data * Reference Work 4:3 Sample Design: Sampling Plan: For the purpose of the survey, the information was gathered from various customers of both UHT users and Non users of UHT milk. Sampling Size: Survey Method: Questionnaire = 50 respondents The respondents were segmented into stratums such as:- * House wife * Bachelors * Local Working couples * Local DINKS â€Å"double income no kids† Expats * Students In-depth Interview = 4 respondents Selection of Sampling Unit: Non- probability, convenience sampling Sampling Media: Questionnaire and Personal interview Chapter 5: Data Presentations, Analysis and Interpretation. Table 1 : Comparitive Study of Major Players Brands | Products | Tetra Pack Size | Price | Shelf-Life | Nestle | Nestle Slim | 1 liter Packs | Rs 42 per liter | 120 days | | Nestle Nautral | 1 liter Packs | Rs 40 per liter | 120 days | Amul | Amul Taaza Double Toned Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml | Rs 36 per liter | 180 days | | Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml, 200 ml | Rs 16 per 200ml | 180 days | Britania | Britannia Milk | 1 liter Pack | Rs. 40 | 120 days | | Slimz Milk | 1 liter pack | Rs 40 | 120 days | Aavin | Standardised Homogenious | 1liter, 500ml | Rs. 39 | 120 days | | Tetra Fino ( Delite) | 500ml | Rs. 18 | 60 days | Nandini | Good life | 500ml | Rs. 17 | 120days | Heritage Foods | Slim Milk | 1 liter | Rs. 38 | 120 days | New players in the markets are Mother Diary Vijaya, available only in Karnataka A. P Table Objective: To study the various SKU’s offered by the various players in the Tamil Nadu market for UHT milk. Table Interpretation: Although the market is niche, there are 6 players in the market who offer various SKU’s to the consumers. And likely there is a very probability for players who o.

Colgate Competitor Analysis

Colgate Competitor Analysis It all began in 1806, when soap was commonly made at home; William Colgate had the genius idea to start selling individual portions of starch, soap and candles. This business was born on Dutch Street, in New York City, from where he delivered his merchandise to all customers, an innovative approach at the time. By 1817, the first Colgate advertisement appeared in a New York newspaper, and several years later, they expanded and established a factory in New Jersey, an indication of their growing success. This company was passed down from son to son, each and every one of them striving for integrity and quality in every aspect of the business. Concepts such as Colgate people were a way of managing, not just a team, but a family. This concept was first introduced by the founder and is still used today. Throughout the years, Colgate was an innovator, always developing new products. They were able to forecast market trends before the competition and develop strong brand equity through merg ers, acquisitions, and joint ventures. The first merger was with Palmolive Company, a soap company as well. Together, they created the first scented soaps, perfumes, and essences. In 1872, Colgate introduced toothpaste in malleable tube similar to the one we know today. Superior merits gave this convenient and simple brand the prestige to successfully tap into several different markets. In 1900, they won an honorable award for their premium soaps and perfumes at the Worlds Fair, which was conducted in Paris. In 1906, the 100th anniversary pronounced the success of over 800 brands, multiplying considerably in the years to follow. The years to come involve Colgate starting to think globally, by doing so through a subsidiary in Canada, quickly followed by operations in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The development of new brands begins going rapidly, and what seems to be like one influential brand after the other is constantly bombarding the market. Many cleaning products are established such as Ajax and Soupline, which was first popular in France and is now sold in 54 countries around the world. The Palmolive dishwashing liquid was introduced in 1966 and can now be found on rack of your local grocery store. Irish Spring, Caprice hair care, and Protex, are brands that you are also probably aware of, proving to still be successful to this day, and can be found in over 70 countries. In 1976, they even acquired a leader in dog food named Hills, which shows to what extent they were confidently conquering the world horizontally with this wide variety of products. In 1983, one of todays extremely popular pr oducts, the Colgate Plus toothbrush, is launched. So many are sold annually that if you lined them up end to end, they would circle the globe 16 times. (Colgate Website) Soon after,a joint venture is made with leading oral care companies in Hong Kong. Acquisitions are made buying Murphy Oil Soap, Mennen,  Kolynos Oral Care, popular in Latin America, Gaba, prevalent in Europe, and they most recently bought Toms of Maine, a US based natural toothpaste. By 1989 the annual sales were surpassing 5 billion dollars, and by 1997, Colgate Total toothpaste is recognized as the market leader. With sales today surpassing the 15$ billion benchmark, Colgate continues to be a strong player in todays oral care market. Moreover, the company also conducts triple bottom line practices, reaching for success while targeting benefits for people, profits, and the environment. They have a You Can Make A Difference Program, which distinguishes the Colgate people for their grand efforts. Furthermore, they established Colgates HIV/AIDS initiatives in South Africa. As for performance and profit, they have been ranked in Business Week and GovernanceMetrics International Inc. as having the top Oral Care products. Concerning sustainable practices and respect for the environment, they contributed in a 40% decrease in water use, a 22% reduction in C02 emissions, and was the first of its industry to use recycled material in Europe. Market Industry and Market Analysis With over 24% category share in 2009, Colgate-Palmolive maintained its position as a world leader in oral care followed by Procter Gamble Co with 19.9% of company shares, and GlaxoSmithKline Pc with 9.9% (GMID company shares) (appendix with company shares graph). A significant reason why Colgate benefits from the highest market share in the oral care category is due to it high level of product development. They constantly launch new and innovative products, which gives them a competitive advantage in the market, and this is a big part of the companys strategy driving profitable growth. For example, in 2009 the company introduced the Colgate Wisp which was the first disposable mini-toothbrush with a breath freshening bead that allows the user to have a clean, fresh mouth with no water or rinsing. Due to their strong product development capability and focus on innovation, Colgate-Palmolive is in a position to continuously upgrade its product line regularly, thereby increasing custome r loyalty and revenues.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Another reason why Colgate has been able to acquire such a high market share is because of its high focus on marketing, leading to strong brand equity. Their marketing strategies involve offering products based on consumers needs and communicating the benefits though methods like free sampling as well as the Internet. Using this approach worldwide has been successful in increasing sales but also in acquiring a larger size of the overall category of the market. A further reason why the market share is high is because the brand enjoys a strong level of consumer recognition. Therefore, they have the possibility of gaining leverage in new markets and maintaining loyalty of existing customers.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   In addition to being a global leader in terms of company shares, Colgate Palmolive Co also has the highest brand share in oral care, with Colgate possessing 19.8% in 2009. The Colgate brand is followed by the Braun Oral-B brand having 9% of the market and then by Crest obtaining 6.4% of brand shares in that same year (GMID- product development) (appendix with brand shares graph). Other smaller but still significant competitors that Colgate-Palmolive faces in the oral care category include Johnson Johnson Inc, with their Listerine brand accounting for 6.4% of brand shares, followed by the Unilever group with Signal that has 4.1%, and finally GlaxoSmithKline Pc who owns the Aquafresh brand with 3.3% of brand shares.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   It is important to note that although the Colgate brand is experiencing growth year after year, the oral care is a mature category with limited room for innovation. Even though there are some growth opportunities, because oral care accounts for around 63% of Colgate-Palmolives beauty and personal care revenue, it is highly exposed to a slump in this category. In addition to being a mature category, the oral care products are facing a higher level of competition from private labels, which again hinders the profitability of the category. The increasing purchase of private labels is largely due to the decreasing spending power, which is caused by the high level of unemployment in many sectors since the economic downturn occurred. With a minimal cost per purchase, maintaining a high level of brand equity allows Colgate to remain competitive versus lower cost rivals. It also prevents recently established firms from gaining ma rket share. With the threat of private label, Colgate increased their effort towards innovation and branding by promoting the fact that they are the most recommended brand by dentists. This has helped Colgate fight the competitive pressures they are facing in the market. Not only does Colgate face increased competition from low-market brands but also from their major competitors such as Procter Gamble oral care products, who are also looking to expand globally in more perspective markets. Therefore, it is primordial for Colgate to continue investing in product development catering to customer needs, in order to face their increasing competition.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   There is also the issue of counterfeiting oral care products which is posing a significant threat to the company in terms of revenue loss. In 2009 thousands of tubes of fake Colgate toothpaste were recalled. This had a negative effect on customer satisfaction since purchasers of the authentic Colgate could stop buying this brand in the future believing that it is inferior to other brands and therefore decreasing customer retention (Datamonitor).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Despite the significant threats that Colgate faced in the oral care category, the company intends to remain in a market leading position and continues to have globally recognized brands by seeking opportunities allowing them to do so. For instance, Colgate had begun taking advantage of the economic and population growth with developing and emerging economies such as Brazil, India and China. Each of these economies show very high growth prospects in terms of demand in the upcoming years for consumer goods like oral care products. For instance, it is expected that between 2009 and 2014, Brazil will be the fastest growing market in oral care by accounting for 20% of the global growth, followed by China with 18%, and India with 9%. Although Colgate-Palmolive dominates oral care in Brazil, China and India with 44%, 26% and 38% of market share respectively, it is essential for the company to maintain and increase its presence in these economies in order to reap the benefits of this growth rate (GMID-product development) (appendix with market presence graph). However, they have already begun facing strong competition from their rivals PG and Johnson and Johnson in these countries. Local players in India and China have also begun gaining importance in their individual markets. Domestic companies such as Yunnan Baiyao in China, and Dabur in Japan, have begun offering herbal/natural oral care products and there is a growing demand for them. Since Colgate is one of the most valued and recognized brands globally, they are in a good position to take advantage of this market and further increase their market share. Competitive Analysis of Oral Care in the Canadian Market In the Canadian market, as of 2009, Colgate-Palmolive was the second leading company, with 18% of the market share in the oral care sector, after PG who possessed 34%, and just before Johnson and Johnson, who owned 17% of shares (Euromonitor) (Appendix oral company shares 2005-2009). In terms of company shares by brand in Canada, in 2009, Crest led the oral care category with 18.6% of shares, followed by Colgate Total with 7.8%, Listerine with 7.1%, and Braun Oral-B with 6.4%. Refer to appendix xx for oral care brand shares.Nevertheless, during that same year, Colgate was a leader in the sales of toothpaste with 42% of the value share (with Colgate Total accounting for a total of 21.5%) followed by Crest with 30.2% (Appendix toothpaste brand shares). The third company was SmithKline Beecham Consumer Healthcare Inc (SBCH), whose 13% market share was largely due to the introduction of Sensodyne in 2007, which was very popular in the Canadian market. In reaction to this, Colgate launche d a similar toothpaste in 2009 for sensitive teeth called Colgate Pro Relief, which was clinically proven to deliver instant and lasting relief from sensitivity. Another significant rival in the oral care category in Canada is Johnson and Johnson whom, aside from having a big presence in toothbrushes and denture care, was the leader in mouthwash/dental rinses with its Listerine brand, holding 52% of the value share in 2009. Not far behind was Scope (PG) with 26%, and Peroxyl (Colgate) in fifth place with less than 1% share (mouthwash/dental rinses shares appendix).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   When looking at PG, Colgates main competitor, their portfolio of brands in oral care category is highly diversified with Crest toothpastes and toothbrushes, whitening strips; Oral-B toothbrushes, and Scope mouthwashes/dental rinses. Also, like Colgate-Palmolive, PG continuously invest in strong marketing and advertising in order to maintain excellent brand image and brand awareness in the Canada. Therefore, in order to remain competitive and gain greater market share in the Canadian market, not only will Colgate need to continue to invest heavily in marketing, but a large amount will also have to be allocated towards innovation and product development. Knowing this, the company has recently introduced a multitude of new products including Colgate 360 ° ActiFlex, Colgate Max White, the re-launch of Colgate Total toothpaste and many more. Even though Colgate faces fierce competition in the Canadian market, there are many opportunities for them to exploit in order to gain market share. For instance, it is expected that tooth whitener products will be increasingly profitable, with a CAGR of 4% from 2009-2014 (Euromonitor). In addition, a CAGR of 3% is expected during that same period for manual toothbrushes, mouthwash/dental rinses and dental floss (Oral Care- Canada). Due to the increasing number of elderly people in Canada, it is expected that the denture care products will grow at a CAGR of 3% from 2009-2014.   It is essential for Colgate that they take advantage of these relatively high growth rates in Canada for the different oral care products, in order to acquire new customers and retain those who have been loyal to this day. Canadian Consumer Profile Being part of such a competitive market, Colgate aims to deliver maximized customer value to the market, offering a multi-product segment strategy. Colgate has identified all ages with any economic backgrounds as their target market, with the most focus on the baby boomer generation. There is an increasing growth of older demographics with low rate of childbirth, and this has had a direct impact on Colgate products. This shift resulted in a larger demand for oral care products that helps tooth discolouration, tooth sensitivity, and gum problems. The baby boomers usually have the highest disposable income, and they demand additional health benefits. This allows Colgate to position this segments products at a premium price. With this strategy, Colgate had 19.1% of sales from sensitive toothpastes in 2009, illustrating a profitable customer focus. As well, the recession in 2008 allowed Colgate to further focus their sales towards baby boomers. Due to the recession, the number of profess ional tooth whitening surgeries fell, which caused an increase in the demand for whitening toothpastes. Colgate, offering a wide variety of whitening toothpastes, was able to increase their sales in this sector, with sales of $78.2 million, which consists of 38.9% of their sales. It is also forecasted that the demand for tooth whiteners are to increase by 4% from 2009 to 2014. Not only is Colgate targeting baby boomers, but it is also targeting children to capture a long-term relationship with this age group as 6.8% of sales are from childrens toothpastes. For low to middle class consumers that are price-sensitive, Colgate offers traditional toothpaste. They comprise about 6.9% of their total sales. For quality-conscious consumers, Colgate offers wide variety of complete care toothpastes 18.2% of the sales. Colgate continues to increase brand recognition in this mature market to increase retention and loyalty by consistently offering a variety of products that best suit any customers needs. Strategy Product With over 20 different toothpastes, 11 different toothbrushes, 5 different childrens products, 10 different tooth whitening, and 10 different oral care specialties available in Canada, Colgate has successfully gained customer loyalty (see Appendix 1.1). This variety of products illustrates that Colgate has used a needs based segment strategy to attract every customer with different tastes. To list a few examples, Colgate Sensitive Pro-Reliefs feature of plugging and sealing open dentin tubules intends to gain interest from adults and elders whose sensitivity levels are much higher than other consumers. Moreover, Colgate Max Fresh mainly targets young adults with their different flavors and protection from bad breath. On the other hand, the idea of Colgate SpongeBob SquarePants Battery-Powered Toothbrushes was innovated to attract children, but it also was created with gentle bristles to protect their gums. From these following examples, it is obvious to note that Colgate is recognizi ng and understanding clients needs by providing the right products for each age group, which is a key factor when trying to increase loyalty and retain customers. Colgate continues to increase their value by positioning their products in all sectors of the market; from toothpastes that has no animal ingredients to attract vegetarians, or toothpastes that reduce the speed of the development of tartar above the gum line, to toothbrushes that are price-conscious or designed to remove odour-causing bacteria. By providing such a variety of products, they are preventing competition and substitution. Another factor that helped Colgate gain high awareness was through innovative packaging. For example, when Colgate was trying to penetrate the already existing whitening toothpaste market, they decided to come up with new premium packages matching their idea of creating sparkling and dazzling smiles. The toothpaste had a holographic package to catch attention. In order to make sure of this package, they used lead users strategy, where they gained a positive reaction, and therefore decided to launch the new product with this innovative packaging. Another example involves the launch of Colgate Max Fresh toothpaste in a unique clear tube. This new packaging was created for user convenience, so that the users know how much is left in the tube, notifying them when to replace it. With the slogan, find the right products that are best for you, Colgate strives to provide satisfaction to their consumers by supplying them with a range of products that meets their needs. In 2011, the company pl ans to continue innovation to meet consumer needs by introducing new products such as the Colgate Total Gum Defense, Colgate MaxClean SmartFoam toothpaste, Colgate 360 ° Surround, and Colgate Triple Action manual toothbrushes (http://investor.colgate.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=545863ReleaseType=Earnings)/ Promotion In order for Colgate to maintain its value in this competitive market, Colgate spent a total of $1,534 million in 2009. This expenditure was largely involved with the promotion of new, growing, and maturing products. When launching a new product, such as Colgate 360 toothbrush, their advertising objective was to be informative and persuasive. They used advertising, sales promotion, as well as the publicity approach, including advertising through cable T.V., consumer magazines, providing product samples, and utilizing point of purchase. Furthermore, they used lead user strategy, which helped create great word-of-mouth. (dentist recommended brand) Even though promoting new products is important, Colgate believes that it is also crucial to continue advertising the existing products in the maturity stage. Rather than promoting in order to be informative, objective for products in this stage involve successfully reminding the consumers in order to create greater retention. Reminding the consumers is essential since this helps consumers acknowledge Colgate products existence and availability, while preventing them from switching to their competitors. Through using the pull strategy, Colgate has invested a great deal of their revenue to sales promotion, personal selling, and direct marketing. By using extensive mass marketing, consumer promotion at point of purchase, and organizing special events where they aim to build one-on-one relationship and increase net marketing contribution. Pricing Colgate-Palmolives oral care subdivision offers a variety of toothpastes, toothbrushes, mouth rinses and dental floss. These products are characterized as being low priced, requiring minimal buyer effort, and are subject to mass distribution and promotion by the producer. Typically with these sorts of low-involvement products, price plays the most significant role in the decision-making process. However, recent consumer trends suggest an added perceived value of certain oral hygiene product attributes, in particular the newly launched whitening, sensitive, and total care products, which now account for over 76% of the value share of toothpastes in 2009. With price being the most flexible of the four marketing mix elements and changes in consumer trends, Colgate has developed dozens of different brand extensions at different prices ranging from $1.685 (per 100ml) to $5.871 (per 100ml) to reflect these changing demands (see appendix for further detail). Colgate therefore is primarily e mploying value-based pricing for these products as production costs do not significantly vary. Colgate has been particularly successful in doing so as people tend to be reassured when they buy a more expensive hygiene product, for they make the assumption that it is the best possible thing they can do for their teeth. However, with families and consumers tightening budgets and reducing consumption as a result of the continuing harsh economic climate, it will become harder for manufacturers such as Colgate to continue to raise prices for most oral hygiene products, even advanced formulations, as consumers will readily switch to similar competitors or private label brands. Toothbrushes, on the other hand, face different consumer behaviors. Despite the economic climate, Colgate has employed a similar value-based pricing strategy in its toothbrushes by introducing improved manual toothbrushes that are claimed to be superior to its basic predecessors, and therefore carry a higher price t ag. Colgate manual toothbrushes sold at a variety of retailers range from $1.99 to $5.99. This strategy has been particularly successful as Canadian consumers have developed loyalty to their brand of toothbrush for they sense a more significant difference between the regular and improved toothbrushes, thus dissuading many from switching or trading down, thus increasing consumer lifetime value and profitability. Colgate is also catering to more health conscious but price-sensitive consumers by increasingly introducing affordable electric toothbrushes. Distribution Being low priced, and requiring low consumer effort, Colgate products must be mass distributed and accessible to most if not all Canadians. Colgate employs an intensive distribution strategy aimed at a maximum market coverage which supports the application of product replenishment based on pull strategies, as these come closest to reflecting true consumer demand. Research suggests supermarkets are the largest distribution points for toothpaste as well as other oral care products, followed by mass merchandisers and drug stores. With that in mind, it would simply not be efficient for Colgate to sell directly to small distributors, therefore Colgate products often go through at least one wholesaler before reaching the shelves of our supermarkets. Colgate does however, directly sell to some of the larger retailer chains such as Wal-Mart, who purchase in such large volumes that it is more efficient to do so. Colgate therefore operates in what is called a parallel distribution network in w hich some retailers are forced to buy through a mass distributor while others are not. However, Colgate is working closely with small shop owners and local wholesalers through Joint Business Plans to ensure greater availability of Colgate products, as well as to provide the right assortment of products with the best visibility on the store shelves. Prior to distribution, while Colgate products are produced around the world, use of contract manufacturers is very limited as more than 90% of products were made in Colgate facilities. Colgate does concede however that the use of contractors often allows to optimize their supply chain capabilities, deliver innovative technologies, increase speed of delivery, and especially increases flexibility which is key in a rapidly changing marketplace. Three-year globalization contracts with their main suppliers enabled a reduction of the supplier base from 11 to 4 suppliers. For a key toothpaste ingredient, the supplier base was reduced from 7 to 3 to help achieve record savings and cost reductions. With optimized supply chain logistics and control over the manufacturing process, Colgate products are quick to move from their respective factories to stores all throughout Canada. In five years, Colgate managed to cut its time from product concept to retail shelves by 50%. Results Colgate-Palmolives CEO, Ian Cook, claims that his firm will continue to perform well given the current competitive and economic challenges and are committed to investing and growing our business and expanding our strong market positions (A-R 2009). Interestingly enough, Colgate-Palmolives company shareholders equity has bounced back from a ten year low, in millions, of 350 in 2002 to 3,116 as of 2009. Colgate-Palmolive (C-P) has clearly proven itself as a successful and innovative company year after year with solid financial results and consistent growth. In fact, the company claims to have obtained significantly superior results versus the SP index and the average of selected competition over the last 25 years. C-P obtained 3328% versus 2833% growth among competitors. Against the SP index the results are even greater compared with a 969% return to shareholders (Colgate TSRG). In Canada, Colgate-Palmolives launch of Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief has been quite successful. It is now th e number one selling SKU and the firms number one competitor has reacted with deep discounting, though Colgate maintains that they have taken market share away once the subsidies cease. They plan to invest and grow while still seeking to further already strong market positions. Operating revenue has increased for Colgate Palmolive steadily over the last 5 years. Although revenues from fiscal year 2009 were virtually unchanged from 2008, operating cash flow was up over 43% in 2009. The firm has consistently maintained its gross profit as a percentage of sales above the 50% threshold, reaching close to 60% in both 2009 and 2010. In addition, diluted earnings per share have seen 65.5% growth from 2004 to 2009. EXPLAIN WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN As of C-Ps last quarter, North America formed approximately 19% of sales and unit volume grew 3.5% and 4.0%. Operating profit increased 22%. Although the 2010 annual report and official audited results have yet to be released as to date, fiscal year 2010 worldwide sales were $15,564 million, up 1.5% versus full year 2009. Operating cash flow in 2010 was lower by 2% to $3,211 million, a considerable drop compared to the aforementioned 43% increase in 2009. However, North America remains sluggish, where operating profit decreased 8%. Reported sales gains were 2%, with a 3.5% increase in volume while accepting 2.5% increase in coupons and promotions. C-Ps free cash flow, before dividends, does however remain very strong; consistent with 2009 it exceeded 100% of net income. Net income and diluted EPS for fiscal year 2010 were $2,203 million and $4.31, versus $2,291 million and $4.37 in 2009. From the Statement of Cash flows, in is clear C-P has been increasingly using debt to increased capital. Proceeds from issuance of debt having increased approximately 3.5 billion and 231.4 % from 2007-10 with net cash used in financing activities also increased 45.5%. Capital expenditures have remained consistent since 2007. Despite increases in net income, depreciation and amortization have remained steady over the last 5 years, with no unusual increase or decrease. Total assets are also virtually unchanged from 2009 to 2010. In their 2008 annual report, Colgate stated that they spent over $1.6 billion marketing its products around the world. In other words, Colgate is spending an amount nearly equal to the book value of its equity capital, which accounts for about 11% of total sales, every year on marketing its products. This is evidently a significant amount of capital that will be creating value for the firm in future business. For a competitor to replicate this company, C-P clai ms that they would have to spend multiples of this amount to establish and develop the relationships that they have acquired over many years. They claim that the same is true for certain general, administrative, and research and development expenses; all of which are being expensed as incurred. In evaluating the firms results, it is thus imperative to include the intrinsic value of marketing efforts. Recommendations According to oral care forecasts in Canada, Colgate should definitely continue to maintain its position as a domestic leader in toothpaste since it represents the highest level of sales in the Canadian market. This can be done successfully by developing new products and affectively marketing each one respectively. Colgate should then focus on manual toothbrushes because they have the second highest level of sales, followed by dental rinses, tooth whiteners and then denture care, which do in fact show growth but at more modest levels of sales. Secondly, while basic products provide the necessary means of oral care, more expensive value-added products provide convenience and comfort to the consumers ready to pay higher prices, such as babyboomers. People usually tend to be reassured when they buy a more expensive product, because they feel assured that its the best possible thing they can do for their teeth. In addition to new product development, companies will focus on marketing and advertising support of their existing brands. Colgate should continue to remain on the high end scale of the oral care industry and maintain position in the high end category. Moreover, with respect to the Canadian market, they should invest more heavily in the mouthwashes considering that they have no market share while sales are the third highest in the oral care category after toothpaste and toothbrushes. As previously mentioned, the toothpaste market is generally not price sensitive and brand loyalty plays an important role in majority of the customers. Currently nearly 97% of the population in developed countries uses at least one variety of toothpaste. This gives marketers virtually no space to expand the market with new users. Consequently, adding or increasing value to the product is the preferred alternative. Technological progress made in recent years altered the toothpaste segment and made innovation a driving force. New advancements have led to the launch of a variety of high-priced, value-added multifunctional products in several oral care categories such as toothpastes and toothbrushes. Whitening toothpastes and products offering multiple functions are driving growth in the dentifrices segment. Currently, for major toothpastes, averting tooth decay is not sufficient, therefore guaranteeing benefits such as fresher breath, healthier gums and whiter teeth. More comprehensive products such as Colgate Total have strengthened Colgate-Palmolives market position substantially. Technological advancements in recent years have altered the toothpaste segment to one that offers additional benefits besides just fighting cavities. This made manufacturers roll out products with a lot of additional features that were not available previously. Over three-fourths of net sales come from outside United States, so in future years strengthening market position worldwide will be integral to triumph over the competition. In addition, the considerable revenues from international operations are key to sustaining the firms value proposition, as product innovation has revitalized the oral care market in recent years. To ensure future success Colgate must continue to invest in product in