Wolf and Moose Predator Prey Relationship in Isle Royal

Service director Stephen Matter inspected the Island, deeming it fit for a national park. In a report on the field study of the potential for Isle Royals as a national park, Adolph Muriel wrote: â€Å"To administer Isle Royals as a wilderness area, It Is Important to secure a personnel which has a feeling for wilderness and an understanding of wilderness values; otherwise the desire to be doing something to the areas will be hard to curb. The administrators should be told that their success and achievements will be measured, not by projects accomplished, but by projects sidetracked.In the management of a wilderness area, we must somehow depart from the 20th century tempo of activity†¦ † In 1931 President Hoover signed the bill, making Isle Royals a national park, although formal dedication was delayed until August of 1946 due to World War II. Isle Royals National Park would become a natural laboratory to study the predator prey relationship between wolves and moose. The p ark Is free of roads, development and hunting. These conditions created a rare opportunity to research the moose and wolves Inhabiting the Island, In a nearly untouched environment.Wolves not originally native to Isle Royals, migrated on an ice bridge between Thunder Bay, Ontario and the island in 1949. Moose had come to the island some 50 years before by swimming through the icy Lake Superior. There was concern among the National Park Service that the wild wolf population would get out of hand. Robert Line, for the National Park Service, became the first naturalist for Isle Royals and began a study on wolves in 1956. Linen's study focused on how many wolves inhabited Isle Royals and how their activities might affect the moose population.Linen's letter and reports based on his study revealed that wolves were indeed not a threat to people and subsequently helped establish a policy through the National Park Service that would support the existence of an unmanaged wolf population. In 1 958 Outward Allen and his graduate student Dave Minch met Line when they first visited Isle Royals when they began a 10-year study to evaluate the role of the wolf with funds from the National Geographic Society and the United States Forest Service. Line would also become a huge supporter both morally and financially. Historically wolves have been systematically hunted, trapped and poisoned byAmericans and Europeans. The United States government via the United States Biological Survey was involved in a wolf eradication program for years. Humans have been fearful and loathe of wolves and have almost completely stamped them out of the ecosystem. Outward Allen writes â€Å"The wolf doesn't live in the forest; he infests it. You don't Just kill a predator; you execute him. You don't hunt him for sport; you track him down in a crusade for moral reform. † The goals of the project were and are; wolf predation patterns, wolf behavior and ecology and moose population dynamics.Studies of wolf predation patterns have accentuated the age and sex of the moose killed, other prey species, effect of snow depth and hunting success. Hierarchy in the packs, breeding, territoriality and relationships with other neoprene species has also been detected. Moose field observations included age and sex ratios, population size, productivity, habitat relationships, food habits and mortality factors. Without predators for nearly 50 years, the moose population thrived. Their diets consist of much of the vegetation on the island and did not have ample competition from other herbivores.The wolves began to be seen as a worthy component that could help control the overly large moose population. The base for research was initially out of the Winding Ranger Station; Flights were made everyday to observe the natural habitat of wolves and moose. Aerial observation became the prime method of research for both of the species. In 1975 Allen decided to retire and handed the project over to on e of his last Ph. D. Students, Roll Peterson. At this time the headquarters were also moved to Michigan Technological University in Houghton, also the mainland headquarters for the park.The wolf population grew from one alpha female and two male wolves that migrated on the ice bridge. For years the population grew steadily and hunted moose on the island, helping control the population. The wolves' primary diet on the island is beaver, moose and hare. An interesting connection between wolves and ravens was also observed which is uncommon in other carnivores. Even in folklore the relationship between wolves and ravens has been recorded, where the wolf goes the raven will follow. Ravens scavenge wolves' prey, sometimes leading wolves to a circus to tough for the raven's beak to penetrate.Ravens can steal up to one-third of the circus leading to Just one reason as to why wolves hunt in packs- to minimize the portion of the circus lost to ravens. Wolves and ravens have also been seen pla ying together. In 1980 the wolf population grew to 50, an all time high. During this same time the moose also appeared to be much healthier than before. Just nine years later, in 1989 the wolf population fell drastically to only 12 members. It is not entirely clear as to why this decline happened but there are a couple of suspects. There was a ovoviviparous outbreak among dogs and wolves in the mainland of Michigan.Dogs are not allowed on the park but are occasionally brought over illegally by boaters. The disease is primarily transmitted through oral-nasal contact and can even be spread by feces on hikers boots. There has also been a concern for genetic diversity, because the entire wolf population is derived from one alpha female, the wolves may be loosing 10-15% moose lived without predation for nearly 50 years their population soared. When the wolves arrived the moose population and vegetation on the island became much healthier. Yet their population soared once again. Through A llen, Minch andPeterson research it still has not become totally clear as to why the populations shift so drastically. The main reasons appear to be because of climactic factors, tick outbreaks and food shortages. Although there are fluctuations in the moose population of Isle Royals it stays at a steady pace and has no sign of dying out. As of 2014 there are only nine wolves left on the island. Due to inbreeding and the ovoviviparous the wolf population has grown weak and has begun to die off. The ice bridge that once formed regularly between Thunder Bay, Ontario and the island does to form as often as it used to due to rising temperatures in the region.Now the question is being asked if scientists should intervene and introduce new wolves to create stronger genetic variation. On April 9th, the National Park Service stated it would not take any immediate actions to bring new wolves to Isle Royals. Opinions vary as to what should be done; some believe intervention would corrupt the study and others think wolves should be reintroduced to the island. Roll Peterson, the head scientist studying Isle Royals insists that letting Mother Nature take her course old imply that Mother Nature is intact, but, â€Å"we have been cutting her fingers off for a long time. Most likely there will be no intervention and the pack will go extinct for scientific purposes and then the National Park Service may reintroduce wolves to Isle Royals. This would be a unique experience for scientific observation and give insight to what populations around the world are headed for. Outward Allen described the study as â€Å"one of those continuous searches into the unknown that has no foreseeable end. † The long-term wolf/moose research at Isle Royals has provided unique and one of a kind opportunity for science. It has provided an important insight to the unpredictability of ecosystems.Long-term research is a vital component of understanding long-term processes that could help secure our long- term existence and the well being of the planet. To avoid disturbance the park is legally closed by the National Park Service between November 1st and April 1 5th, it is also zoned for visitor use and about 50% of the island is closed to camping. Isle Royals has been in countless news stories and has received wide support from the public. At one time the island was seen as America's greatest moose refuge and now attracts attention because of the wolves.This study has also massively changed the public opinion on wolves in general; people widely support the reintroduction of wolves into parks such as Yellowstone. Wolves are a part of the ecosystem as much as moose or any other animal, they are not villains. Isle Royals is a prime example of wilderness values. The island provides a rare opportunity to observe biodiversity and its impact on ecological balance. Isle Royals maybe more so than other wilderness areas is kept as untouched by man as can be in order not to disturb t he wolves and moose.

Grace Hopper’s Biography: A Great Pioneer in Data Processing

It was 1906 in New York City when the great pioneer in data processing, Grace Murray Hopper, was born to the parents Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Campbell Horn Murray. Even as a young child Grace loved learning about mathematics and the new technological advances that were coming out, mostly because of her surrounding environment — her mother was a mathematician. Although at the time women were not considered as important to society as men were, she would turn out to be one of the most important influences of the century. In 1924 Grace attended Vassar College, majoring in the sciences, specifically mathematics and physics. After four years of hard work she graduated with Phi Beta Kappa honors and a Vassar College Fellowship. With that she progressed to earning her MA in mathematics at Yale University in 1930, and her Ph.D. in 1934, along with two Sterling Scholarships and an election to Sigma Xi. While finishing her college education she married the New York University English teacher Vincent Hopper. Her computer technology life would soon begin following her graduation. Upon graduating, Grace was accepted to the Bureau of Ordinance at Harvard University. That is when she was introduced to and assigned to work on Mark I — the first large-scale U.S. computer and precursor of electronic computers. Her first assignment with Mark I was to â€Å"have the coefficients for the interpolation of the arc tangents completed [in about one week]†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ not a problem for Grace. She would then be the third person ever to program the Mark I. At that same time, the Mark I was being used to calculate the angles at which naval guns were to be aimed. Shortly after that a machine called BINAC was being developed which used the C-10 language. The C-10 according to Grace, â€Å"has been the basis for most codes since. ‘A' was add, ‘M' was multiply, ‘B' was bring, ‘C' was clear; it was a beautiful code.† Grace was then forced to teach herself octal arithmetic, since that is what the code was performed in. A sort time after that, many people started to believe a user-friendlier computer was needed. Grace got to work on it. Grace was credited with the first compiler in 1952, the A-0. The compiler was â€Å"a set of instructions that translated mathematical code into machine language.† Later on she produced the A-1 and the A-2, which were basically upgrades of the previous compiler. Her 1957 FLOW-MATIC compiler (or B-0) which was used mainly for business programs, was the first to translate English into the machine language. A later program in 1959-61 (COBOL) was based on her FLOW-MATIC and was used in the UNIVAC — the first commercial electronic computer. Grace Hopper was a hard working woman who â€Å"worked to attract industry and business interests to computers and to bridge the gulf between management and programmers.† After serving in the Navy from 1943 – 1986, during which she received the rank of rear admiral, she retired to take her final job as the senior consultant with Digital Equipment Association. Grace Hopper, the great pioneer in data processing and computer technology, died in 1992 at the age of 86.

Sub Prime Lending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sub Prime Lending - Essay Example This led to a subsequent boom in housing markets in all most all parts of the world. Requirement for possessing ones' own house in the US was further fuelled by a normal liberalisation of approval standards for contributing to the growth of "teaser" loans. These loans came with relatively low primary repayment charges. Ultimately this led to the speeding up of financial conceptions which has made it possible for mortgage financing to be more easily accessible. In this dissertation we are going to examine the growth of the sub prime lending industry, and will also discus the viability of a business model for lenders. Keeping in mind the current credit crunch and sub-prime lending particularly mortgage lending; we believe that this research will attempt to lay the foundation on future research as to what may be done to rectify financial institutions in the United Kingdom. We would like to discuss the rise and fall of sub prime lending from home owners perspective also. Sub prime mortgages can be defined as residential loans that are not conforming to the Criteria for prime mortgages and so their probability of full repayment is low. This assessment is normally made according to the score and record credit of the borrower, the mortgage loan to value (LTV), and debt service to income service ratio. The advantages of sub prime lending, is that it offers homeowners who in real sense, cannot afford real estate nor do they get an opportunity for creating wealth. However, some critics of sub prime lending have argued that this benefit comes at a bigger cost, given that borrowers of sub prime loans are usually charged excessive rates which eventually fix them in default. The cost of borrower associated with a sub prime lending is normally driven by two factors, down payment and credit history requirements (Kennedy 2008 pp.12-18). In mid 1990, the country witnessed a residential real estate lending boom, with the sub prime lending expanding at a faster rate. The wall street journal reported in 2001 that the number of outstanding sub prime mortgage had tripled. According to the housing department the sub prime lending industry has grown from thirty five million in 1994 to six hundred and fifty. There are many factors that have contributed to this growth such as: increase in risk based pricing facilitated by some advances in technology, deregulation of the banking industry and an increase in capital that has been made possible by security. However, the growth is mainly attributed to an increase in security. Securitisation refers to the pooling of loans to make securities which are then sold to the secondary market. Securitisation gives lenders an excess capital that will normally not be available to make any additional loans. The legislative deregulation entrenched by government in the banking industry has also fuelled the growth of sub prime lending industry (Army 2003 pp. 124-134). The last two years (2007, 2008) are the years that are surely to be remembered as a years of turbulence, change and difficulty. The world banking systems have received trillions of funding because of the weight of their innovation. The worlds' largest economies have gone into recession with the value of the UK pound going below the value of Euro for the first time. The once vibrant credit

Got to Have a Goal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Got to Have a Goal - Assignment Example Sales and compensation are integral to modern business organizations. These aspects are ascertained to impose paramount impact on the overall performance of the businesses in the contemporary world. Thus, this assignment intends to address these two major aspects. Correspondingly, the assignment is segregated into two parts. The first part reflects upon the three major techniques of goal setting in sales and provides a case study of a company, which exemplifies best practices in establishing sales goals. Similarly, the second part of the assignment considers the discussion made about three major sales incentives along with elaborating a case study on a company, exemplifying best practices in sales incentives. It is claimed that before striving any kind of business success, it is crucial for an individual to remain much aware about what he/she is striving for. The substantial knowledge regarding the aspects for which the individual is striving enable in directing efforts towards specific directions that result in attaining the best outcomes. Correspondingly, goal setting is advocated to be vital. It is essential for every individual to understand the prominence of goal setting in pursuit of certain aspects. Same rule is identified to be relevant for sales professionals in order to gain personal and organizational success. Notably, it has been argued that there are certain specific goal setting techniques in sales that required to be followed by sales professionals for gaining greater success. Failure to incorporate appropriate goal-setting techniques is observed to cause financial loss and in certain circumstances, it may also result in job loss. Most importantly, the failure may sabotage the chances of sales professionals to succeed. Thus, it is decisive for sales professionals to apply effective goal setting techniques frequently. The three basic goal-setting techniques

Do European Works Councils represent a major advance in employee Essay

Do European Works Councils represent a major advance in employee representation - Essay Example countries with central management of large multinational companies to discuss issues as complex as worker rights and any plans the company may be considering that would affect workers. Meetings also allow employees of one country to share information and experiences with colleagues from other nations. â€Å"Employee participation at a European level became a reality with the introduction of the European Works Council Directive† (Fitzgerald, 2004: 1). The purpose of the Councils: to provide workers within large multinational corporations, through their designated representatives, a direct line of communication to top management. With communication as key, various national councils insure that workers in all countries are provided accurate information about plans and policies of the transnational companies who employ them, and ensure worker representatives of established unions and national works councils the opportunity to consult amongst each other and develop a common response before policies and plans are implemented. Beyond these goals, three main views about why works councils primarily exist include benign goals as stated to improve communication and less benign goals of worker control over bargaining and negotiations and input into company policy when market failures occur that may negatively impact their employment. Based purely on description of purpose, the formation of the councils appear a valid and reasonable response to the advent and power of multinational corporations—impersonal behemoths larger than life with little sense of employee conditions or problems experienced at lower management levels. The success of the councils as regards employee representation is, as might be expected, mixed. This paper examines the reality of the success or failure of the councils, and to what degree they have advanced the cause of worker representation. Fitzgerald (2004) points out that the EWC Directive in its final form was viewed as a watered-down version of

Bicycling Transportation in LA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bicycling Transportation in LA - Research Paper Example s Angeles being a car-centric region, LACBC has become one of the bicycle advocacy non-profit organizations that are most wide-reaching and innovative in the country (Smart 190). The members of the organization have played a key role in helping the growth of cycling movements in Los Angeles. The vision of the organization is on the improvement of the existing environment in Los Angeles for the purpose of enabling safe navigation of the Los Angeles County streets for all the cyclists including the recreational, commuter, women, families and the low-income citizens. The organization accomplishes its vision in the campaigns through the assistance of the strong volunteer network from the members, and it has increased the infrastructure of the bicycle throughout the eighty-eight cities in the county. The mission of the LACBC is to build a more bike-able and better Los Angeles by bringing the various communities together with the aim of improving the quality of life in the communities. Its vision entails making Los Angeles a good place for the day by day bicycling throughout the year. People live in more vibrant, healthier communities where there is plenty of clean air and the streets both safer and quieter for everyone. More families, children, and women ride their bikes and are thankful for the opportunities they have to enjoy their city and their neighborhoods (Shi 130). All people, from various origins and cultures, are enabled to ride their bikes safely and conveniently everywhere. Above all, LACBC is bestowed with the responsibility of making policies for the bicycling events. While carrying out its duties of policy making, it encourages installation of parking lots for bicycles at locations that are visible and with high traffic at all County, State, and Federal facilities found within Los Angeles City, for the purpose of meeting or exceeding the bicycle parking standards in the City. The organization also conducts outreach to identify the needs and solutions

Qaulity Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Qaulity Paper - Essay Example It is important to elucidate the fact that these indicators are a reveals certain features and characteristics of nursing care such as organization, procedure, and results of nursing care. Nursing sensitive indicators are classified or categorized into three i.e. organizational, procedural, and results based indicators. Organizational indicators include issues such as inadequate personnel, level of abilities, talents, and expertise of nursing personnel, and level of edification, qualifications, and official recognition. Procedural indicators assess the procedures used in identification of disease, intercession, and contentment of nursing personnel. Result based indicators focuses on the value and magnitude of the nursing care (Marquis & Huston, 2011). This paper focuses on the supply of nursing personnel as a sensitive indicator. Staffing level To understand what makes the supply of adequate amounts of personnel in nursing a nursing sensitive issue, it is important to posit that many countries have imposed compulsory nursing staffing levels. Staffing level is nursing sensitive as it is a major determinant of nursing outcome. Results from studies done in the past have elucidated the importance of having adequate levels of staff in nursing practice. First, adequate levels of personnel in nursing have a positive impact on the overall effect of nursing care. For instance, it has been proved to reduce the number of deaths. Adequate amounts of staff or personnel also ensures that sick individuals receive quality care, and also boosts competence and ensures good organization of nursing practice. Secondly there is a high chance or probability of nursing care in institutions with limited personnel to be unsuccessful as compared to institutions with adequate levels of staff (Montalvo, 2007). Previous methodical investigations and studies have shown the direct relationship between adequate supply of nurses as well as other medical personnel providing nursing care and enha nced or better results from nursing care, enhanced staffing levels and maintenance and preservation of nursing personnel, and monetary gains to managers as well as to the society in general. This is what makes staffing levels in nursing a sensitive issue. The level of nursing care is affected by inadequate amounts of nursing personnel. Research has shown that institutions that give accounts to the impingement on nursing care have been proved to be overwhelmed by the high levels of patients seeking medical attention as a result of inadequate staffing. Adequate staffing in nursing care leads to contentment in both patients and nursing personnel. Adequate staffing also boosts motivation among nurses as well as other personnel involved in nursing care as the nurses are dealing with the amount of work within their abilities (Nakrem et-al, 2009). Understaffing leads to pressure as the nurses are dealing with much work than they can handle. Workers who lack motivation may resign and go in search of other opportunities. Offering high quality care will consequently lead to financial gains as more patients will seek treatment in a health institution offering specialized and high quality care. Measurement of staffing level Staffing level is measure through assessing and computing the fraction of overall hours presented by each of the nurses in practice in a

Film and music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film and music - Essay Example In this essay "Film and music", the author compares and contrast the two film Noir films The Lost Weekend and Spellbound. The idea here is to bring out the relationship between the two films. They highly emphasize on the influence of the Theremin and experimental music for the scores. The composers of â€Å"The lost weekend† and â€Å"Spellbound† have made use of theremin all through the film from the start to the end. Rà ³zsa has made use of theremin as a way of integrating boldness and creativity in the recording. The composer has also used the two films to emphasize on the psychological impacts on the characters. Spellbound is an American Thriller which tells a story of the new mental asylum head who later turns out to be what he does not claim to be. The purpose of the film is to highlight psychoanalysis virtues which come with the banishing of restoring reason and mental illness. The lost weekend film shows the life of an alcoholic writer and particularly on a wee kend alcoholic binge. The use of theremin by Rà ³zsa showed just how bold and creative he was in integrating novel approaches. He wanted to use it in The Lost Weekend because he had successfully used it in Spellbound and he thought that the two somehow related. This is alcoholism, which [the character] cannot resist†. The theremin is cued every time Don gets the urge to drink alcohol and is overwhelmed by his longing. As we can see at the start of the film, Don is silent, but he does not have to say anything silence all we need to know we can read from the look on his face. We can tell from the expression on his face that he is absorbed as he stares at the bottle that is hanging from the window of his dwelling. The â€Å"Alcohol Theme† is cued as he looks down at the alcohol bottle and the theremin has the melody. Music starts to fade as he and his brother Wick begin to talk and is later heard once again as Dons’ brother and Hellen leave the apartment after disc overing the alcohol bottle hanging by the window. When Don goes to the bar and asks for a drink, he is given, but he hesitates to take it knowing that once he does he will not stop. The â€Å"Alcohol theme† plays once more, but it stops when he takes the shot. A

Interest Initiates Learning Essay Example for Free

Interest Initiates Learning Essay In Gerald Graff’s essay, Hidden Intellectualism, one is exposed to the author’s view of different means of intellectualism. Graff gives the reader an uncommon perception of what it means to be an intellectual. He expresses his views by stating that a person can be an intellectual in fields that have nothing to do with academia, such as street smarts or particular interests. He also states that if you incorporate these particular interests in the classroom, students deemed as unintellectual would be more likely to grasp the taught materials. These students could then perform to their true potential. To begin with, Graff uses many forms of logic to persuade the reader into his point of view. By employing logos into his writing he states logical arguments of how many students are street smart or interested in other things. Graff guides the reader into the realization that if a student is interested in a subject, it is only logical that when the subject is incorporated into the learning material then the student will comprehend the concept more easily. Graff states that â€Å"they would be more prone to take on intellectual identities if we encourage them to do so at first on subjects that interest them rather then ones that interest us† (Graff 199). Next, Graff uses his personal experiences to help the reader connect with his ideas through pathos. He tells us how, as a young man, he did not consider himself an intellectual and was not interested in scholarly matters. â€Å"I offer my own adolescent experience as a case in point. Until I entered college, I hated books and cared only for sports.† (Graff 199) He later reflects his newfound thoughts on intellectualism as he states, â€Å"I have recently come to think, however, that my preference for sports over schoolwork was not anti-intellectualism so much as intellectualism by other means.† (Graff 200) He then allows the reader to sympathize and relate by informing us that he â€Å"grew up torn, then, between the need to prove [that he] was smart and the fear of a beating if [he] proved it too well.† (Graff 200) Last but not least, by using ethos, Graff establishes his credibility. He writes extremely well and refers to other well known authors in his essay such as George Orwell, â€Å"Students do need to read models of intellectually challenging writing—and Orwell is a great one—if they are to become intellectuals themselves.† (Graff 199) He also speaks of the 1950’s, a time period when opinions on intellectualism varied and reinforces his statement by supplying a real life example when Marilyn Monroe married playwright Arthur Miller after divorcing baseball star Joe DiMaggio. It was â€Å"the symbolic triumph of geek over jock [and] suggested the way the wind was blowing.† (Graff 201) Overall I personally agree with Graff. As a student myself I feel that learning would be much easier if it was associated with things that I found to be interesting and enjoyable. I feel at times that the education system is very set in its ways. Times and people are changing, and so should the methods of teaching and involving students in the classroom. Many people with great potential might be limited by their lack of interest and may never be able to display to the world what they are capable of without Graff’s vision.

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management Essay A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS) refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin on software that integrates information from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid and flexible. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client–server architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled increasingly higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass. According to www.oracle.com using an electronic or computerized Human Resource System has several benefits. First is, Automate Key Processes,leverage workflow and internet-based processes to speed and optimize recruitment, hiring, budgeting, compensation, termination, performance, skills, collective agreements, and more. Perform rules-based HR budget control. Second, Get a Single Source of Truth, to maintain global HR data in a single instance for better availability and accuracy of information, with a global single repository of employee data. Third is, Manage Total Compensation, to attract and retain with the right combination of salary and benefits. Set limits and warnings. Control budgets by department, position, or role. Deploy absence and termination policies. Fourth is, Locate and Manage Talent Globally, to manage recruitment, hiring, and deployment on a global basis and address local country requirements at the same time. Manage address information, currency, data formats, banking details, and payment methods for any country. Conduct competency profiling and management. Lastly, Integrate Intelligence with HR Management,to integrate intelligence with HR management to align the workforce with corporate objectives. According to www.nefsis.com using cloud-based video conferencing helps human resources staff leverage state-of-the-art communications and online collaboration tools to advance the HR agenda. Now, online training, employee benefit meetings, and job candidate interviews can be conducted in private and group virtual conference rooms anytime, anywhere. Using Video Conferencing has many benefits, to cut travel expenses for job candidate interviews, to shorten the hiring process, especially for distributed businesses, to improve the reach of employee benefit meetings to those that missed in-person sessions and those traveling, working from home, or at remote offices, and lastly to create a better online platform for employee benefits, safety, and regulatory compliance training. 1.1 BACKGROUND Nowadays, there are a lot of manual systems being renovated to computerized one. Just like the Human Resource (HR) departments, many companies have evolved to a new computerized system, and also there are companies that still working on a manual based system. The function of Human Resource (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of human capital progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. Also the Human Resource (HR) department is in-charge of identifying the potential applicants (Applicant Hiring). Being a Human Resource (HR) department, it is humiliating that they do not have a permanent system or database that can store their employee or applicant’s information day by day. Sometimes, many companies encounter different problems related with the employee or applicant’s information. Using Ms Excel or Manual Filing is not advisable for storing or tracking employee or applicant’s data, using those kind of tracking or storing may cause of loss of file, unreliable data, time consuming, heavy manual workload, heavy human work force, and etc. on payroll, time and attendance, performance appraisal, benefits administration, HR information management system, recruiting/learning management, performance record, employee self-service, scheduling, absence management and analytics. The Human Resource (HR) department encourages the proponents to develop a system that will help or solve the existing problems regarding Human Resource (HR) department and also to decrease the human workforce.

The Role Of Religion In International Relations

The Role Of Religion In International Relations In this book, it is informed that how vital is religion in international relations. The resurgence of religion seen as the driving force behind the clash of civilizations. According to Pavlos Hatzopoulos and Fabio Petito, religion remains as a threat to international relations own existence. In other words, politics with reference of religion became a threat to security, order and civility. PART I INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND RELIGION Resurgence of religion and cultural pluralism in international relations challenged the Western culture of modernity and the institutions of international society. This resurgence is part of the larger crisis of modernity. It reflects a deeper and more widespread disillusionment with a modernity that reduces the world to what can be perceived and controlledthrough reason, science, technology and bureaucratic rationality , and leaves out considerations of the religious, the spiritual, or the sacred. And also, the global resurgence of religion is the failure of the modernizing, secular state to produce both democracy and development in the Third World. Moreover, the global resurgence of religion can be seen as a revolt against the West in developing countries.  [1]   People always want to belong to different faith communities or to none. Now, there is a growing evidence in international relations to what different kind of religious perspectives may have offer to the world. The rejection of the study of religion is more stronger in international relations than in most other social sciences. The common ethical principles among the main world religions on war, peace, the just war, pacifism, human rights and peace building are identified by the scholars in international relations, Christian Ethics, and Religious Studies. These social ethics are also examined by various nongovernmental organizations such as the World Conference on Religion and Peace (Amman, Jordon, 1999) and the Parliament of the Worlds Religions.  [2]   Deep pluralism focuses the approach called virtue-ethics. It focuses on virtues, practisesand community rather than the individual or or a cosmopolitan community of humankind as a whole. The necessary dinstinction between theology(faith) and reason and leaded this question, which is superior faith or reason? A virtue-ethics approach shows how humanitarian practises can help to build up communuties in their faith as well as empower them as part of development. It maybe the case that two should go together if there is to be lasting political stability, democracy and development.  [3]   Theological and religious thinking causes debates about the role of the culture on the international politics. The presumed unity of ethics and politics mostly disappered along with it . The concequences of extinction , and the changes in theoretical perspective entailed other political models or view points . A community is not merely an artificial set of arrangemets between people. An it certainly cannot be a moral community. Humans create the state out of their own self interest means that the state can exist only so long as it appeals to peoples sinful needs rather than to any capacity for virtue tahat e denies most possess in any case. And also people obey law because it is in their self interest to do so, not because they believe it is the morally correct thing to do so. For him does not consider political activity to be natural to people nor does he believe that people engage in politics for y reason except promoting their own self interest. The article analyzes several specif ic theological views on multiculturalism in world politics, including religious pluralism, apologetics and syncretism.  [4]  Each of these perspectives challenge the exclusivist views of religion. Theological pluralism has many similarities with liberalism, yet analyses more deeply and ultimately challenge liberalisms Enlightenment presuppositions. On the other hand, apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity. Syncretist religious ethics points to the contingency and multiplicity of identity. Taking these approaches seriously may well resonate with the aspects of the English School.  [5]   It shouldnt be ignored that traditional preoccupation with the problem of power in assessing the value of theological ethics. Stressing power similarities and differences, and differences including whether religious practices reinforce or challenge dominant economic and political structures of power is a contribution to the study of religion. PART II WAR, SECURITY, AND RELIGION Often the political resurgence of religious communities is accompanied by violent clashes in and between nations among others. We can give as examples; the bloody conflicts in Algeria, Bosnia, East Timor, Kashmir, Nigeria, Palestine and Sri Lanka. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most important variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most important variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations.  [6]  Instrumentalists think that conflicts may be aggravated by divergent religious creeds but they insist that the yare rarely if ever caused by them. According to them, the correlation between violent clashes and resurgence of religion is not surprising but it is necessary.  [7]  By contrast, moderate constructivists argue that a cts of violence requiers legitimization and religion and religious leaders provide such legitimization.  [8]   There is three theorethical perspectives on the impact of faith on political conflict: primordialism, instrumentalism, and moderate constructivism. In this view, cultural similarities and dissimilarities produce converging and diverging state interests. Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. States which have similar religious traditions and cosmologies will want to form alliances against whom they share little cultural and religious ideas. Violence will be largely confines to interactions that take place between civilizations. Under the conditions of scarcity and value pluralism, conflicts among groups are a universal feature of social life. They can not be avoidedbut must be taken as a result of human nature.  [9]  The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religious factors sometimes play a subordinate role as a source of conflicts. There is four determinants of elites strategic choices. The first one is; the degree of mobilization depends on the nature of conflict. The second one is; the degree of mobilization depends on the self-sacrificing attitudes of the groups members. The more commited the more to invest time and resources, the more practicable will be. The other determinant is; the degree of mobilization depends on the relationship between the conflict parties. And lastly, the degree of societal support depends on the public justification for the use of violence. Also there is two conditions for a successful implementation of the dialogue strategy. First, there is a dilemma between the different religious communuties. Before they resist against the violence, they have to be sure about the other communuties do the same. If this does not happen,peace would become the stupid according to conservative scholars. Secondly, all great religious communuties are more or less entangled in violent political clashes. The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religious factors sometimes play a subordinate role as a source of conflicts. Since the end of the Cold War, conflicts and wars are less because of political or ideological systems. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power. The motivations of conflicts are increasingly related to culture and identity. Or in other words, conflicts cause by ethnic or clash of civilizations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power. Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. Often secular states are attacked by religious groups. A threat from a religious group known for using terrorist methods. And this situation generally seen as a direct threat to sovereignty of the state. A religious attack on a secular state can be seen as one of the three main ways in which religion can be addressed within the realm of security politics  [10]  : A religious group is considered to be a threat to the survival of the state. Faith is seen as threatened by whoever or whatever nonreligious actor or process (the state, technology, industrialism, modernism, etc.). Faith is seen as threatened by another religious discourse or actor. Especially securitization on behalf of secularization against fundamentalism justifies many violations of democracy and civil liberties around the world. From a secular platform, religion as such can be depicted as a threat to political culture. On this issue international relations theory is not neutral observer as it pretends to be. It is implicated by its own secularist self perception.  [11]   PART III POLITICIZING RELIGION: TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL ETHOS? Inclusivism strives for a religious identitiy that exceed the locus of the sovereign state and the time frame of the present; it alternatively rests on a future fulfillment. Inclusivist religion can help to diminish the obstacles to a needed and desirable reconciliation of science, reason and sprituality.  [12]  Religion can bring clarity and charity to debates about a range of grievances regarding past abuses. Humane global govarnance can only ocur as the outcome of human struggle and to past efforts to overcome colonialism, slavery. The cultural division between East and West was historically neat and rigid. Between Christian and Islamic spirituality we can see familiar themes, but also a kind of sea change. In the Islamic context, intellectual spirituality is not a compact movement and it subscribe to a unified doctrine. Desecularization becomes a very important dimension of the intellectual and historical context. In this context, religion becomes an increasingly important factor in transnational and international relations. Because of the significance of religion in political arena, the Islamic resurgence in twentieth century viewed as the rise of political Islam. As a consequence, while the resurgence involves many dimensions, its political impacts received more attention. Political Islam have many types of movements. There have been movements advocating internal legal reform, the transformation of social institutions through legislation as well as social persuasion, revolutionary change of the political regime or political system. The resurgence of political Islam represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also it means that it is a challenge to political systems institutions and their moral and intellectual foundations.  [13]   The context of international relations has been experiencing significant transformations. Many older slogans, paradigms and ideologies that had shaped conceptual frameworks have been discredited or replaced. The collapse of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War encouraged many to look for and identify new global threats, new enemies and conflicts. For some, political Islam became the next threat and global terrorism. But the realities of Muslim politics reflect a more complex and dynamic reality. The resurgence of religion and ethnicity has been global. Relations between Islam and the West show a process of conflict and change. Islamic jihads and Western clash of civilizations face new realities. Islamically inspired schools, medical clinics,hospitals, social services and financial institutions increased. Islamic parties demonstrated their ability to participate within the system and provide a political alternative to the regimes.Ä ±slamic activists served in cabinets became prime ministers and presidents.  [14]  The terrorism of 11 September highlighted the importance of the struggle within the Muslim world between the violent jihadist vision and the visions of pluralism and dialogue.  [15]  

Brown Vs.Board Of Education :: essays research papers

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) (USSC+) 347 U.S. 483 Argued December 9, 1952 Reargued December 8, 1953 Decided May 17, 1954 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS* Syllabus Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment -- even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors of white and Negro schools may be equal. (a) The history of the Fourteenth Amendment is inconclusive as to its intended effect on public education. (b) The question presented in these cases must be determined not on the basis of conditions existing when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, but in the light of the full development of public education and its present place in American life throughout the Nation. (c) Where a State has undertaken to provide an opportunity for an education in its public schools, such an opportunity is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. (d) Segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprives children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal. (e) The "separate but equal" doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, has no place in the field of public education. (f) The cases are restored to the docket for further argument on specified questions relating to the forms of the decrees. Opinion WARREN MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court. These cases come to us from the States of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. They are premised on different facts and different local conditions, but a common legal question justifies their consideration together in this consolidated opinion. In each of the cases, minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race. This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. In each of the cases other than the Delaware case, a three-judge federal district court denied relief to the plaintiffs on the so-called "separate but equal" doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v.

TQM in Accounting Essays -- essays research papers

Accounting 43 Cost Accounting Costs of Total Quality Management Submitted By: August 4, 2004 Morris De Rosa Total Quality Management or TQM is a management strategy to embed awareness of quality in all organizational processes. The philosophy of TQM goes back to the 1940’s when Dr. Deming started his quality endeavors in Japan. TQM is an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services delivered through the participation of all levels and functions of the organization. TQM aims to do things right the first time, rather fix problems after they emerge or fester. ‘TQM is a management philosophy which seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, production and customer service†¦) to focus on meeting customers’ needs and organizational objectives)’ (Hammett 1). TQM may operate within quality circles which encourage the meeting of minds of the workforce to improve production and reduce waste. In a manufacturing organization, TQM generally starts by sampling a random selection of the product. The sam ple is then tested for things that matter to the real customers. The causes of any failures are isolated, secondary measures of the production process are designed, and then the causes of the failure are corrected. The statistical distributions of important measurements are tracked. When parts' measures drift out of the error band, the process is fixed. The error band is usually tighter than the failure band. The production process is thereby fixed before failing parts can be produced. It's important to record not just the measurement ranges, but what failures caused them to be chosen (Barfield 306). In that way, cheaper fixes can be substituted later, (say, when the product is redesigned), with no loss of quality. After TQM has been in use, it's very common for parts to be redesigned so that critical measurements either cease to exist, or become much wider. It took a while to develop tests to find emergent problems. One popular test is a "life test" in which the sample pr oduct is operated until a part fails. Another po... ...ld 318). The costs of a quality system must be managed so a reasonable value-to-price-relationship can be achieved. High quality will help a company increase profits through lower costs. It is critical that management focus on long term objectives instead of taking a limited outlook on growth and market share. The strategy of focusing on the customer and quality will equate to greater market share and higher profits. Reducing costs should be part of the continuous improvement process. Strategic cost management is the process of utilizing cost information to formulate and communicate strategies to all levels of the organization. A balance must be obtained to provide the customer with a quality product at a cost that provides for a profit for the company. The potential customer is becoming more and more conscious of quality. It makes sense for a business to cut their costs by improving the quality of the product thereby enhancing the appeal of a product or service in the market pla ce. The challenge is for each business to strive for the kind of business culture that will succeed in spite of the unknown and the unknowable. The quality management philosophy searches for this culture. TQM in Accounting Essays -- essays research papers Accounting 43 Cost Accounting Costs of Total Quality Management Submitted By: August 4, 2004 Morris De Rosa Total Quality Management or TQM is a management strategy to embed awareness of quality in all organizational processes. The philosophy of TQM goes back to the 1940’s when Dr. Deming started his quality endeavors in Japan. TQM is an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services delivered through the participation of all levels and functions of the organization. TQM aims to do things right the first time, rather fix problems after they emerge or fester. ‘TQM is a management philosophy which seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, production and customer service†¦) to focus on meeting customers’ needs and organizational objectives)’ (Hammett 1). TQM may operate within quality circles which encourage the meeting of minds of the workforce to improve production and reduce waste. In a manufacturing organization, TQM generally starts by sampling a random selection of the product. The sam ple is then tested for things that matter to the real customers. The causes of any failures are isolated, secondary measures of the production process are designed, and then the causes of the failure are corrected. The statistical distributions of important measurements are tracked. When parts' measures drift out of the error band, the process is fixed. The error band is usually tighter than the failure band. The production process is thereby fixed before failing parts can be produced. It's important to record not just the measurement ranges, but what failures caused them to be chosen (Barfield 306). In that way, cheaper fixes can be substituted later, (say, when the product is redesigned), with no loss of quality. After TQM has been in use, it's very common for parts to be redesigned so that critical measurements either cease to exist, or become much wider. It took a while to develop tests to find emergent problems. One popular test is a "life test" in which the sample pr oduct is operated until a part fails. Another po... ...ld 318). The costs of a quality system must be managed so a reasonable value-to-price-relationship can be achieved. High quality will help a company increase profits through lower costs. It is critical that management focus on long term objectives instead of taking a limited outlook on growth and market share. The strategy of focusing on the customer and quality will equate to greater market share and higher profits. Reducing costs should be part of the continuous improvement process. Strategic cost management is the process of utilizing cost information to formulate and communicate strategies to all levels of the organization. A balance must be obtained to provide the customer with a quality product at a cost that provides for a profit for the company. The potential customer is becoming more and more conscious of quality. It makes sense for a business to cut their costs by improving the quality of the product thereby enhancing the appeal of a product or service in the market pla ce. The challenge is for each business to strive for the kind of business culture that will succeed in spite of the unknown and the unknowable. The quality management philosophy searches for this culture.

Fedex Operation Mangement

The organization’s name and main line of business: FEDEX Corporations – Logistics 2. Specific type of operation: Air and Ground Delivery Specializing in Next Day Delivery 3. Describe the nature of operations process given your newfound understanding of operation management and productivity: a. Service and product design: i. Supply Chain management ii. Next Day Delivery Services b. Quality management – Customer oriented business â€Å"People First Philosophy† c.Process and capacity – use of available technologies (web based tracking system) to enable customers real time access to information related to their packages to increase customer satisfaction; task employees to think of innovation as part of their day to day job d. Location – sites located locally and globally (over 220 countries) e. Layout and design – operated and owed independently f. Job Design : based on parcel shipping through ground and air, e-commerce and business servic es g.Supply Chain Management: h. Inventory Management: use improved – technology function to meet its goals i. Scheduling: 24 hour shipping operation globally 4. Maintenance: Owns and operates and maintains over 90K ground vehicles; 663 aircrafts in more than 375 airports 5. Global Strategy of the Organization FEDEX is the embodiment of operation management. The company started out as shipping company in 1971 to a multibillion dollar corporation with current revenue of $42. 7 billion in the current fiscal year.Originally FEDEX started with freight delivery through ground and air which expanded to four divisions FEDEX Express, Ground, Freight, and Services. FEDEX success in today’s business due to their diligence in addressing Basic Management Functions – planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling as well as addressing the ten critical decisions associated with a very successful business. FEDEX CEO and founder Mr. Fred Smith planning his organization from fledgling company offering delivery of small packages and documents to approximately 25 cities in the United States.His efficient ideas of outlining delivery service in the computer information age was outstanding not only did his idea went to fruition became FEDEX blue print for success. He organized his corporation by having locally owned company can concentrated on specific needs of that area through FEDEX business practice not only minimize staffing overhead, it also gave the independent companies the flexibility they need without losing control of core principles is a great example of successful and triumphant Corporation in the modern era.FEDEX address their ten critical decision areas by incorporating it through their mission, strategies and values. Their customer centric mission â€Å"People First Philosophy† embodies their service and product design. Their process and capacity is addressed again through customer satisfaction by utilizing modern technology such as the internet to give real time in-transit information on their packages and tasking the employees to think of innovative ways to operate as part of their day to day job is a great example of empowerment to improve the work place resulting in efficient ways to operate.Independently owned and operated sites are another way to save money in lower overhead cost. This also allows the site to concentrate on the particular requirements of the customers in that area. FEDEX is in the forefront of a successful business because of how they employ and use operation management techniques and addressing the ten critical decision areas through their mission, strategies and values that centers on employees and customers.

Montage and New Wave Film Essay

The differences between soviet montage and French new wave cinema are interesting and many. Both genres of film seek to create contrast between adjacent shots via discontinuity editing, but subtle differences in their editing styles allow this contrast to produce very different results. In French new wave editing is used to both draw the audience in, and push them away, it draws the audience’s attention and inspires distaste. Soviet montage on the other hand uses editing not as a method of controlling the audience’s focus, but as a way to create ideas. An analysis of the editing in the Godard’s â€Å"Breathless† and Eisenstein’s â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† will highlight these different effects. In â€Å"Breathless†, the first use of editing to keep the audience’s attention is in the scene where Micheal shoots the cop. In this scene Goddard makes use of editing to twist and distort time. The audience hears the cop tell Micheal â€Å"Stop, or i’ll kill you† in a calm voice at nearly the same time that Micheal cocks the gun. Immediately thereafter we jump cut to Micheal firing the gun and jump cut again to the police office falling to the ground as he is shot. From a narrative point of view it is understood that these events do not take place so close to each other. The events happen in much too quick a succession to mimic reality. The jump cuts elapse time in an odd uncomfortable manner. It can be argued that this is jarring, and distasteful, but it is exactly this jarring and distaste that makes this scene so fascinating. Rushing through the event which is clearly the inciting action of the film (flying in the face of CHC) yields a certain fascination with this scene that typical CHC could not hope to match. An effect similar to the one described above is present in the scene where Micheal and Patricia track down Micheal’s money in the taxi. This exemplifies the use of new wave editing to focus the audience’s attention on the visual. In this scene, the visual difference between shots is minimal. If one were to imagine it without the jump cuts it would be long and monolithic but the prolific use of jump cuts counters this would-be-dullness. Once again the jump cuts elapse time and quickens the pace of the scene artificially. The audience hears Micheal barking orders at the drive in succession that is faster that he speaks in the story, and they understand that this artificial fast precisely because of the jump cuts and he obviousness in which they are presented. In this way Goddard is able to present a potentially long and dull car ride in the story much faster in the plot. Unlike the previously discussed scene, this scene does not quicken the pace past the point of comfort, it is intentionally fast paced and helps to excite the audience. First lets take the Odessa Steps scene from â€Å"Battleship Potemkin†. This scene feels almost as if it is a CHC film. Shots are spliced together smoothly and invisibly. The audience is never jarred by

Natura Case Study

Individual Natura case study preparation paper Whether Natura, the Brazilian beauty company, based on biodiversity of Brazil, should expand its business in Russian market is the critical issue of this case study. However, it is necessary to inspect pre-issue before we evaluate the international investment strategy. After reviewing whether the company is capable of dealing with globalization, we move on to measure the Natura’s international marketing strategy. Is Russian the best next step for Natura’s international foot for?If yes, we propose the possible alternatives for entering this market by minimizing the political risk and operating risk. (1) Was the company ready to go globalization? Evaluating criteria as follows: * Organization structure culture Natura’s unique organization cultures are open-minded for opinion-expressing, transparent decision-making process, and intimacy with its stakeholders. The strong corporate value shared by every individual within this group make the expatriates from this company could convey the brand DNA in foreign market. * Brand visibility in global marketsNatura has a strong market position in Brazil, and continued building up the brand image in Latin American countries. However, it brand visibility is not strong enough in the rest of world and the brand image is weak in the European countries as well. * Global resourcing and distribution network The raw material, production, product development is all in Brazil. Natura has yet built up the global logistic network; therefore, the distribution cost and inventory management would be the major problem for the company while it steps out globally. Insufficient experience in expansion of global business,† dealing with different cultures, different social structure, and different consumer behaviors† Much of the international business experience of Natura is limited in Latin American countries. Although there is diversification in culture, consumer b ehaviors, the closed countries were easier to deal with the differences and minimize the marketing difficulties. However, for the rest of markets with totally different language, culture background, religion, regulations, Natura has no sufficient experience and knowledge to manage it. Sufficient talents in global management During this period, there have no sufficient managers with global vision and management expertise in Natura. Even though managers from other firms have the skill in running direct selling, they could not convey the company’s value and brand DNA. This shortage of human resource would be another obstacle for Natura’s globalization. Sub-conclusion: After analyzing Natura’s competences in globalization, we found that Natura was just at the beginning stage of globalization although it started its international business from 1982.From the financial result, we still could find out that Natura had no prominent performance in foreign market. (2) Was t he Russia is the best choice to next step in Globalization? Is Russian experience valuable to the Naura’s globalization? Assessment of Russian market * Bureaucratic system * Unawareness of product quality and unconcern about the environment and nature. * Russian was becoming familiar with the direct selling; therefore, the education cost for sales rep. and consumer would be relatively lower than other markets which have low acceptance in direct selling.Assessment of Russian cosmetic and skin-care market * Consumer in Russia did not care about the natural products and knew nothing about Natura. They regarded the international famous brands and local brands. Natura lacked of brand image as strong as P&G or L’Oreal. * It took time to build up its own local network in stakeholders since there is no manager who can deliver the brand DNA knew the Russian market. * Mastering the delivery network in the Russian markets would be the potential problem for Natura. Natura would fa ce the challenges in global logistic while its products were manufactured, shipped from Brazil. The shipping cost, inventory management, timeliness of products, ordering system within subsidiary in Russia and parent company would be the key issue to expand business in Russia. * The weather in Russia is totally different from Brazil. It would be a main concern that Russian would not like to trust a brand from Amazon region. * The local regulation in cosmetics and skin-care should also be taken into account. Sub-conclusion:After assessing the key factors in entering Russian market, we can find that the Russian market is not mature enough to penetrate for Natura which was not equipped with sufficient experience in global business management and had a strong willing to preserve its brand DNA. Since Russian consumers were not respectful the nature and environment, the market did not attached to this brand DNA in that moment. Furthermore, due to the political situation and business enviro nment, the experience in Russia could not duplicate or be applied after micro-adjustment in other western countries. 3) Following preceding question, if yes, what is the best entry strategy for the Russian market? If no, what is the best next step for Natura in globalization? Combined the assessments above, stepping in Russian market would not so urgent or profitable for Natura. For the international development, the best next step in globalization for Natura should focus on the grand American market. There are several main pros to implement this strategy, as follows: * USA market has the similar diversified ethnic background and furthermore, the Latin American is one of the main ethnic origins. American consumers are relatively mature in product knowledge and appreciate the natural skin-care product. Their pursuit in beauty is as vigorous as the consumer in Latin American. * The business model of direct selling in USA is mature and consumers used to shop products in mail ordering a nd direct selling. * Finally, the infrastructure of logistic in local market is consummate. * For Natura, it would be a big step in globalization if it could be successful in USA market. The success in USA market could build up the brand awareness and enhance its position in bio-diversity cosmetic and skin care product.Still, there were cons to enter USA market, such as facing more fierce competition from other international companies and it would be required more CAPEX to invest in the grand market. If Natura take the Russian market as the must-be market, then we would recommend this company cooperate with the local leading company, Kalina, who had the strong retail network and knew the local market very well. Natura could use the franchise model to expand the Russian market and to build up its brand image and awareness through the Kalina’s advantages.After Natura gaining experience and building up strong brand image, it could change its business model and enhance its brand DNA and values. Under this strategy, there exist some potential risks. For example, Natura had to make a completed regulation about the branding in order to preserve the consistency and its values. Natura had to keep tight connection with franchisee to learn more local experience and react to market needs. At the end of cooperation, it might have to pay higher price to buy back the franchising right if its products performed very well in Russia.

Police Department Organization Essay

There are three different types of police departments they individually have their own jurisdictions nonetheless their structure is very similar. For bigger departments the structure is going to be more in depth mainly because of all the moving parts in its system. For those smaller departments it will be smaller due to fewer personnel on shift and tasks at hand. In the Unites States we have three different types of police departments local, state, and federal. In this paper you will find a brief description of all three. In the city of El Centro California we have a smaller department due to the population here in El Centro. El Centro Police Department was established in 1908 it involves 58 sworn officers and 26 civilian employees. The structure is made up of the Police Chief, Commanders, Lieutenants, Sergeants, field officers, and civilian employees. This department comprises of three sub-divisions patrol, traffic, and Crisis Response Unit. Patrol is in charge of patrolling the city and making police presence known. Traffic division handles city traffic and makes sure that residents and visitors alike are respecting all speed limits and traffic signals. Crisis Response Unit is a specialized unit that has been established to handle critical field operations. It manages sensitive calls such as those where negotiations are needed; it is also capable of deploying specialized units where highly trained officers are need. Investigations Division accounts for two sergeants, seven detectives, one community service officer, and a secretary. Four of the seven detectives are assigned to handle multi-jurisdictional narcotics enforcement and one detective is allocated to juvenile crimes. Evidence and property is controlled by the community service officer. The person responsible for the Investigation Divisions smooth operations is the division secretary. The Chief, Executive Commander, and Staff assistant lead the Administration Division. Police Chief Jim McGinley is the current chief for El Centro police department. Chief McGinley has 32 years of law enforcement practice; previously he served as Commanding Officer for San Diego Police Department. Prior to retirement in 2005 Chief McGinley headed the Investigations Divisions 2. Chief McGinley was in charge of elder abuse, auto theft, financial crimes, robbery, gangs, and homicide. California Highway Patrol was formed August 14, 1929. It consists of eight different divisions throughout California. Their structure is very similar to a military unit. At the top of its structure is the Commissioner which has the following offices under it Office of Special Representative, Office of Inspector General, and Office of Employee Relations. Deputy Commissioner follows with the Office of legal affairs, Medical Relations, and Equal Employment Opportunity. After that the structure branches of into two different components one being administrative and the other being the officers on the beat. Assistant Commissioner Staff has several departments like Administrative Service Division, Information management, Enforcement & Planning, Office of the Academy, Internal Affairs, Office of Employee Assistance & safety, and the Office of Organization Development. Assistant Commissioner Field is the other branch that I mentioned. This office also has various divisions and offices like Protective Service Division, Office of Air Operations, State Security Division, and all of it different patrol divisions in the state. The state is broken down into eight different divisions I will name them form southern California to northern California; Border Division, Southern Division, Inland Division, Central Division, Costal Division, Valley Division, Golden gate Division, and Northern Division. California Highway Patrol has two main missions the primary one is to make sure that all traffic and transportation along freeways and state routes. CHP officer still maintain police authority out of state route and freeways. CHP’s secondary mission is to aid and assist to any emergencies that exceed local capabilities. A federal police agency is the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and it was founded in July 1973 formed by President Richard Nixon. He established this agency to combat the war on drugs and not only nationwide but worldwide as well. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration web page the DEA has nearly 5,000 Special Agents and a budget of $2.02 billion. The Administrations structure is very complex and consists of many different divisions. At the top of its enormous structure it has its Administrator and Deputy Administrator followed by five different branches forming the top of this structure. It has Executive Equal Opportunity & Employee Assistant Staff (ADE), Executive Policy & Strategic Planning Staff (ADS), Office of Administrative Law Judges (LJ), Office of Chief Council, and Office of Congressional & public Affairs. Drug Enforcement Administration has many other divisions and departments that they account for a whole thirty one of them to be exact with the last one being field operations. DEA has a much larger structure mainly because it not only fights the war on drugs and terrorism in the United States but it also must do it worldwide. References www.chp.ca.gov www.cityofelcentro.org/police/ www.justice.gov/dea

British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand

British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand 1. Introduction of British Airways: British Airways have a wonderful Employer Brand and are one of those companies that virtually everyone wants to work for. Consequently, the difference that we bring is around the intelligence of candidate screening and filtering – helping candidates know if a particular job is appropriate for them, right from the start. And enabling the recruitment team to spot the best people and fast track them through interview to offer, for a rapid contribution to the business. British Airways is the UK’s largest international scheduled airline, flying to over 550 destinations at convenient times, to the best-located airports. Whether customers are in the air or on the ground, British Airways takes pride in providing a full service experience. The British Airways Group consists of British Airways PLC and a number of subsidiary companies including in particular British Airways Holidays Limited and British Airways Travel Shops Limited In an incredi bly tough trading environment we have to focus hard on pulling ourselves through the immediate crisis, while prepare the business for the better economic times. Our aim to fill the drive and competition of the Olympic spirit into the way we work and perform as a team, and it puts our customers at the heart of our culture. The structure of the world’s leading global premium airline focuses on the improving operational performance and financially fit. To achieve the strategic goals we need to measure our HR performance across the business and to make our managers accountable for delivery of our targets. In order to become the leading global premium airline, we need to look at the way we work as well as what we are doing as a business. Reuters reported one source as stating that under the plan ‘British Airways would have a 100% economic interest in a subsidiary that is KLM which will have some ingenious bits and pieces in the way it is structured to satisfy Dutch corporate governance rules and the aero-political implications of foreign ownership.’ Furthermore, BA would own only 49% of voting shares, with the remaining 51% held by Dutch investors and financial institutions brought in as ‘friendly’ shareholders who would hold an ‘A’ share equivalent that had no real economic value. BA meanwhile would own a ‘B’ share which would have no nominal value or voting rights, but which would capture some 99% of the economic interest. It is not certain yet whether the proposed structure would satisfy the requirements of certain bilateral treaties that have ‘ownership and control’ clauses. United Airways, a US carrier, has said that the USA might be willing to waive any objection to KLM ceasing to be Dutch and still maintain its position under a bilateral agreement with the Netherlands if Britain agreed to open the British trans-Atlantic aviation market, according to Reuters. 2. Strategy & Objectives: Pro vide a human capital management (â€Å"HCM†) solution for the recruitment process that mirrors the full service experience enjoyed by passengers. A more sophisticated, cost effective HCM solution to reduce the time attract and retain new employees and improve the candidate experience. Support opportunities at a number of levels – from school leavers to experienced professionals, with positions ranging from engineers to customer services.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Summary - Essay Example Ordinarily, the aim of the justice system is to curb crime. For youth offenders, the phrase nip at the bud is more appropriate. However, when these youth offenders go through adult courts and end up in adult prisons the result does not reflect curbing crime. Schiraldi and Ziedenberg report that minors tried in the adult courts tend to regress back to crime compared to those tried by juvenile courts. Studies also show that; all states that allow state prosecutors the discretion to send youth to adult court have higher juvenile crime rates than those that do not. For instance, Florida’s juvenile crime rate is 48% higher than the national average (Hickey, 2012). This crime rates are high because the process of rehabilitation as reported by Schiraldi and Ziedenberg is not adequate. Studies further show that youth sent to juvenile facilities felt that the experience mitigated their onset of criminal life. This is because, in juvenile facilities, the youth offenders feel that they c an change, and this eases rehabilitation. Also, they viewed the facilities personal as understanding which helped them change their attitudes. On the other hand, youths sent to adult prison reported learning more negative behavior such as how to commit new, more aggressive crimes. In such a scenario, one can conclusively say that prison cultivates ground for future crimes. Secondly, the adult prison personal was not as understanding, and they make inmates feel doomed to a life in prison (Hickey, 2012). In addition to these systemic shortcomings of prisons, there are other dangers that the youth experience while in prison. One of the most common dangers is prison rape. Because of their vulnerable state, youth convicts are subject to sexual abuse by older convicts and even the prison personnel. This sexual abuse leads to psychological trauma and self loathing which is not a favorable environment for positive change. The young offenders also face risks such as attacks with weapons that cause injury or death. The result of the attacks is that the individual becomes aggressive and, thereby, resistant to change. The frustrations the youth experience in prison at such a tender age lead to despair. As such, the suicide rate of youths in prison is 7.7 % higher than in juvenile detention centers (Hickey, 2012). Granted, there are crimes that are gruesome and the prosecution got no choice rather than to refer them to adult courts. However, the studies reported by Schiraldi and Ziedenberg indicate that the crimes sent to adult court are so minor they qualify to be misdemeanors. Most of the suspects have no priors, do not commit violence and acknowledge their wrong doings. An excellent example is the case against Anthony Laster, in Florida. Anthony went through wrenching court proceedings for a one time non violent crime because the prosecution referred him to an adult court. Critiques argue that in other states, his issue was a Principals office matter and not even a juve nile offence (Hickey, 2012). As such, utilizing adult justice system on a delinquent in most instances is like shooting a mosquito with a shot gun! Ryder (2011) views juvenile delinquency as a social problem. He argues that, in the wake of the 21st century, parents and the community want to contribute to the rehabilitation of the

Compare and contrast upper-class life in 1800 in Seoul with life in Essay

Compare and contrast upper-class life in 1800 in Seoul with life in the same era in Edo. Be sure to include information on education and leisure activities - Essay Example Seoul grew with time and made great political impact. Among the activities that were embraced in Seoul were sports. The change in socio-political status of this era impacted on the interest in leisure activities as well as the education. Seoul people later embraced activities such as arts, learning the alphabets, painting, and drawings. On the other hand, by 1800’s Edo was ruled by strict customs with the intention of promoting stability. Confucianism prevailed; ensuring that the social boundaries were strictly maintained, as in Seoul (Ebrey et al. 279-288). Unlike in Seoul, the Edo era consisted of four social orders; the samurai, the peasants, the merchants, and the artisans. The peasants produced the food necessary for life, unlike in Seoul where sports were embraced. Artisans produced non-food items while merchants amassed wealth without making goods, and were listed least socially. Before the 18th century, Japan was in isolation and the peasants and the samurai were poor and stagnated. In 1800’s, however, the education status of the people rose as the ban on western books was lifted. Scholars adopted Dutch books and learnt mathematics, medicine, and military science. Like in the Seoul, leisure and arts were embraced as

Do Family Medicine doctors have the same results as Specialists Essay - 1

Do Family Medicine doctors have the same results as Specialists (Endocrinologist) for diabetic Patients - Essay Example This paper will elaborately answer the question as to whether there is a significance difference in the care provided to diabetic patients by a family physician or medical specialist. It should be noted that primary doctors who are normally found in the hospital as their work station are always busy. This is because their main duty is normally fixed within the hospital and they have a wider obligation of attending to all visiting patients (Rubin 1). For diabetes patients, standard care needs to be carried out by a diabetic team. The team is comprised of the patient who is diabetic, a primary care doctor, a dietitian, endocrinologist, eye specialist, podiatrist, nurse educator and an exercise trainer (Rubin 1). This is the standard team for diabetic care as recommended and each member has got an important role to paly on cases related with acute or chronic diabetic complication (Rubin 1). However, due to limited staffing and insufficient professional man power, many hospitals fail to implement this recommendation, thus compromising the standard diabetic care. It is for this reason that many patients prefer hiring personal family physicians to assist in care management for their diabetic patients (Rubin 1). Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic patients may relatively follow the same procedure when conducted by either family physician, an endocrinologist or specialists (Olson 5). The difference will be the way the medical specialist is engaging with the patient. It is important to note that as a primary doctor, the workload is usually packed, because they keep on seeing patients after patients (Olson 5). Under this circumstance, most hospitals usually receive many patients with different kinds of complications. The fact is that 80-85 percent of patients taken to primary doctors can be attended to by clinical officers and even nurses (Olson 5). This is to show that no matter how much the doctor may try to employ

Cross-Cultural Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cross-Cultural Psychology - Essay Example With respect to evolutionary behaviour, this form of giving up one’s life has slowly evolved over the ages in India. In the ancient times, the phenomenon was prevalent among kings and queens as the queens would usually give up their lives when their husbands died in wars, rather than remain widows for the rest of their lives. Since then, the practice has evolved a great extent and has taken shape in an adverse manner, causing degradation to the entire Indian society. If one thinks of the custom as something that would have evolved over the ages and helped the situation get better, Sati is not the best explanation for growth and development within society at all. It is in fact something that has been hindering the same, and has not let women gain absolute freedom. Sociological factors have also helped to lead to this very custom of Sati. It is a custom that has evolved from the very thoughts of people living in olden day India; the country witnessed ideals arising from a very p atriarchal form of society where the men folk had the power to decide what was to happen and how it was to be carried out.

Disclosure of information Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disclosure of information - Movie Review Example Instead of rebuking, Will assured her and said, â€Å"I know†. Grace was honest enough to disclose that it â€Å"wasn’t right† that â€Å"he was a smart, attractive guy who love me, who I love by the way. Why wasn’t it right?† Will did not demonstrate the slightest hint of anger but instead consoled Grace with the story of a play back in college. That the protagonists seemed â€Å"so perfect with each other but kept on missing each other because they are not destined to be.† Further assuring Grace, â€Å"Gracie, you are just in the middle of your movie and the point is, it’s not yet over. The movie will have a happy ending. You’ll just have to see it through.† And the trust was demonstrated when the two of them, with friends, had a drink later despite of what happened with Grace still in her wedding dress. When prodded, the two of them even kissed and kidded there was â€Å"nothing†. The episode tells us the lesson that though things did not materialize as intended, commitment does not have to end. As Will puts it, â€Å"Gracie, you are just in the middle of your movie and the point is, it’s not yet over. The movie will have a happy ending.† It could have been understandable had Will been upset and frustrated.

A dating agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A dating agency - Essay Example In the dating agency its role is to act as an intermediary but is not held responsible if the two people meet and harm or are truly in love (Francis taylor, 2014). Its main role is to ensure that it links up people from different people to fulfill their desires. Joining a dating agency is always free but there are different packages where some charges are applied this can be a one off thing or after some time elapses. The charges and any difficulties of anyone accessing it. It is good to realize that in as much as the requirements require one to place their real name they cannot be counterchecked. The dating company should improve their transactional payment this requires that we ensure the payment portal is secured and there is enough space where hackers cannot be able to access. It also needs to ensure that the respond channel is instant so as to notify the client that the money has been credited to the companies account in a timely manner. Having such information will act as a guide for the business to show that transparency has been supported by the system built. It is very important to create an app for this where interested party can download and ensure that their business has been accessible to existing and new business in a formal way (JunghoBaek, 2008).Though the clients here to link up with a clear background partner they may wish to remain anonymous this can be a catch 22 for the organization to ensure that business has been to be done professionally. The business setup should ensure that net neutrality does not affect the site of the dating agency. This is also important to realize that also the confidentiality should be governed to prevent strangers from accessing other business. It is thus important for the software to be upgraded with utmost professionalism. One of the challenges in this century is about cybercrime. Events of the recent past show

What is the relationship between health and pollution Research Paper

What is the relationship between health and pollution - Research Paper Example Arguments will be based on the health outcomes of environmental pollution. The research will also focus on examining those that are more vulnerable to environmental pollution. In addition, the research will try to examine the factors that are causing the high rate of environmental pollution that has a negative impact on the health of the people. Therefore, my position on the relationship between pollution and health is that pollution has a negative effect on human health. There is numerous negative effect of pollution on human health. The essay will also include a concession paragraph, which identifies the strongest arguments held by those that disagree that pollution has negative outcomes on human health. Regulations and monitoring policies that are needed in order to protect the environment that will in turn prevent pollution will be briefly highlighted. A conclusion will be made towards the end of the essay summarizing the main point made in the essay. There are different forms of pollution that have negative impacts on human health such as air, noise, radioactive contamination, water and indiscriminate disposal of waste, which is soil pollution. The research will mainly focus on air and water pollution, as they are the major causes of human diseases. The major causes of air pollution on human health include cardiovascular and respiratory illness such as asthma and pneumonia. These air pollutants cause air pollution; smoke, sulphur dioxides, particulate matter, ozone and reactive nitrogen just to mention a few. Soil or water pollution may occur when there is the improper management of solid and liquid waste. For an instant, the solid waste may be directed to a water body that is used by human. Solid waste is a significant cause of pollution because of a lack of proper solid waste disposer regulations and disposal facilities (UNEP 9). Such waste may be toxic, infectious and radioactive. Depending on the source of environmental pollution and interactions

Application of Statistics in Daily Life Report Essay Example for Free

Application of Statistics in Daily Life Report Essay Inheritance is the process of creating new classes from the existing class or classes. In  C++  and  C,  classes  can be defined as deriving from a  base class. A  derived class  inherits all of the ancestors protected and public  methods  and data  members. With inheritance if a method is made virtual in the base class then the derived class can override it with different behaviour. This makes possible  polymorphism. Types of classes: Definition:  In  C++  and  C#  OOP, a derived  class  is any class that  inherits  from any other derived class or  base class. Definition:  In  C++  and  C#  OOP, the base  class  is the highest class and does not  inherit  from any other class. Other classes can inherit from a base class. They are called  derived  classes. Forms of Inheritance: Single Inheritance: If a class is derived from a single base class, it is called as single inheritance. Multiple Inheritance: If a class is derived from more than one base class, it is known as multiple inheritance Multilevel Inheritance: The classes can also be derived from the classes that are already derived. This type of inheritance is called multilevel inheritance. Hierarchical Inheritance: If a number of classes are derived from a single base class, it is called as hierarchical inheritance Definition of class:When you define a class, you define a blueprint for a data type. This doesnt actually define any data, but it does define what the class name means, that is, what an object of the class will consist of and what operations can be performed on such an object. Classes ;amp; Objects in Detail Class member functions: A member function of a class is a function that has its definition or its prototype within the class definition like any other variable. Class access modifiers: A class member can be defined as public, private or protected. By default members would be assumed as private Constructor ;amp; destructor: A class constructor is a special function in a class that is called when a new object of the class is created. A destructor is also a special function which is called when created object is deleted. | | | C++ copy constructor: The copy constructor is a constructor which creates an object by initializing it with an object of the same class, which has been created previously A  friend   function is permitted full access to private and protected members of a class. | C++ inline functions| With an inline function, the compiler tries to expand the code in the body of the function in place of a call to the function. | The this pointer in C++| Every object has a special pointer  this  which points to the object itself. | Pointer to C++ classes| A pointer to a class is done exactly the same way a pointer to a structure is. In fact a class is really just a structure with functions in it. | Static members of a class| Both data members and function members of a class can be declared as static. ENCAPSULATION Definition:  In  Object Oriented Programming,  encapsulation is an attribute of  object  design. It means that all of the objects data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it restricted to members of that class. C Programming| C++ Programming| C follows the procedural programming paradigm| C++ is a multi-paradigm language(proce dural as well as object oriented)| In C language focus on procedure and steps. | C++ focuses on the data rather than the process| In C data hiding and data security is not possible. Data hiding and data security is present. | C uses Top-Down approch| C++ uses Bottom-Up approach| C is a function driven programming language| C++ is a object driven programming language| C does not support overloading concept| C++ supports overloading concepts like operator overloading and function overloading| C does not support namespaces concept| CPP supports Namespaces concept. | C not support exception handling| C++ supports Exception Handling| C is structured programming language| C++ is object oriented programming language. C does not support inheritance, reusability, polymorphism, data abstraction| CPP supports inheritance, reusability, polymorphism, data abstraction. | C language only support Early binding| CPP supports both Early and Late binding| C uses standard input, output functions like scanf and printf. | C++ uses input fu nction cin and output function is cout. | There are all data is available to end user. No data security| There is data abstraction. Not complete data is available to End user|