Business Law of Agency

Business Law of Agency Purpose:  People credited with this unit standard are able to: define agency; apply the law relating to creation and termination of agency; apply the law relating to authority of agents; apply the law as to the rights of third parties; and apply the law relating to the duties of a principal and an agent to each other, and the remedies for breach of duty. Task:   1 (A) a)Universal agency: In the case of universal agency the agent who deals with the third customer have the full authority and unrestricted authorities to act as like the principal. Because principal given that rights to the agent to do so. So in this case agent will see the business of Susan which is in overseas. (USLegal, NA) b) General agency:  General agency is bit similar to the universal agency in which agent take care of the principal property and look after and he have that much which principal could by himself. They can even get cash payments first instead of principal. In this case shop will cut the 30% of the total money in which they sell the silver. (GENERAL AGENT, NA) Task 2 The main legal question is: Was an agency relationship created between   Tim and   Gray? The facts of the case: Principal is Tim.   Agent is Gray. Third party is the car owner. Tim who is an accountant loved old fashioned cars and he is keen to buy one. Tim tells to grey to visit a car show. In a car auction of Mercedes Benz. Grey offers $25000 for the car. Thats how Tim makes deal with Grey and Owner. Grey knew that Time would love to buy this. The issue (s) is: Are there ways of creating an agency relationship satisfied?   Yes.   There are five ways of creating an agency relationship. Express appointment appointed orally or in writing the agent has express (or actual) authority. Ratification an agent acts without authority but the principal later ratifies (approves) the contract. Necessity operation of law in an emergency. Apparent agency (also called estoppel or ostensible agency Presumption (also called implied agency) Decision and the reasons. Example: Yes an agency relationship was created between Tim and Gray.   There are several ways of creating an agency relatlonship.   In this case the relationship was created by ratification when Tim ratified the deal. The main legal question Was the agency relationship between Michael and Livy terminated? The facts of the case: Principal is Michael.   Agent is Livy.   Third party is the tenant. Michael has a house that was for lease.   His agent was Livey.   Michael made an offer for the renewal of the lease through Livy, his agent.   The tenant was given three months to accept the terms..   One week after making an offer Michael died.   After this the tenant signed the agreement, not knowing that Michael had died. The issue (s) : Are there ways of terminating an agency relationship? Yes.   Agency relationship can be terminated by both parties or by operation of law Decision and the reasons . The agency was terminated by operation of law.   The law states that the agency relationship ends with the death of either party.   The death of Principal Michael terminated the agency relationship.   Since the third party (tenant) signed the contract after the death of the Principal (Michael) through the(   Agent ) Livy,   the contract between Michael and the tenant is void since Livy   was no longer Michaels agent at the time of contract acceptance by the tenant. Task 3   Ã‚  Ã‚   3.1  Ã‚   Barlams has a binding contract with Eastexpo for the sale and  Ã‚   purchase of 800 sheepskins. The main legal question is: Who is bound in a contract with third party agent or the principal? The facts of the case: In this scenario : Principal: Kong, Agent: Wang and third party: Barlams The fact of this case is that Kong hired a agent for his company to buy sheepskins from other companies. But they make a clause in the agreement that Wang can order only 500 sheepskins. He cannot order more than 500 without the permission of Kong. But here Wang visit Barlams and he founds the sheepskin quality is good so he order 800 of sheepskin with taking permission from Kong. The issue (s) are: According to the contract with Kong.   Wang is not allowed to ordered more than 500 sheepskins. Decision and the reasons Yes, Eastexpo can cancel the order of 800 sheepskins as they are not bound with any contract with Barlams. Their agent breaches the condition by ordering more that 800 sheepskins while he was not allowed to do that. Wang is liable as a result of his actions to either Barlam or Eastexpo. The main legal question is : Is any contract of   Barlam with Eastexpo? The facts of the case: Principal is Eastexpo. Agent is Wang. Third party is Barlams.The fact of this case is Wang order 800 sheepskins while he was not allowed to order more than 500 without permission but he did it without getting any permission from Kong. The issue (s) are: The issue is when he was in contract with Eastexpo that he cannot give order of more than 500 sheepskins then why he orders more than that to Barlams. Decision and the   reasons Yes, Wang is liable for all of this. Because he is in a contract with Eastexpo and the contract says that he can give order 500 of sheepskins but he cannot give order more than that.   So its clear that Wang is liable and he have to pay for this. Task 4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1  Ã‚   The main legal question is Is Reno has the rights to sue unnamed Principal? The facts of the case: Principal is unnamed. Park is Agent. Reno is third Party. The fact of this case is that Reno wants a swimming pool at the back of her house. So she called Park and make a contract with him to make a swimming pool in a period of one month but she pay him $10,000 00 as an initial amount. There was also a clause in the contract which says if he fails to complete the swimming pool in one month then he have to refund the initial amount. The issue (s) are: The main issue is that as per contract the swimming pool should be complete in 1 month but he fails to do so. Now he has to refund the initial amount. But after 2 month Reno get to know that he was just an agent of Brilliant constructions. But he should tell this thing before making the contract. Decision and the reasons No. Reno cannot sue the unnamed principal because there is nothing about that unnamed principal in the contract. But she can definitely sue the Park   and get her money back as she makes a contract with him. 4.2    Tanya sues James for not disclosing his relationship with Michael Hill Co. The main legal question Is Tanya able to sue Michel hill and James for did not disclosing the relation between them. The facts of the case: The fact of this case is Michael hill co was Principal, James was an agent and Tanya was a third party who wants to sell her diamond. James was hired by Michael hill to buy a 9 cut diamond on a joint account for them on a certain price. James told Tanya that he will give her the diamond but she needs to wait for the sometime. James cancel the transaction with Tanya and Michael offers the diamond on lower cost. The issue (s) are: James tried to sell the diamond on higher price to Tanya instead of Michael hill. But first he made a false promise to Michael hill that he will give a diamond on a certain price. Decision and the reasons   : No, Tanya cannot sue the Michael hill and James. Because it is not necessary to disclose the information of Principals agent. 4.3 The main legal question is Was Noreen authorized to deposited the half of the money in charities account without let them know? The facts of the case: Principal was Alan and Noreen was agent. The fact of this case is Alan is rugby a team who play rugby games through their talent and all the fees which they get paid; Noreen transferred this whole amount into Alans account. Once they got NZ $50,000 from one of their major games and Noreen deposited only half of the amount into Alans account and rest of the money they give to the charity. Which Alan used to support while before. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Noreen donates the half of the amount without the permission of Alan. But she should ask them first. Whether they like to donate or not. Because they used to support the charity a while long before. Decision and the reasons Yes, the action taken by the Noreen will be considered as unauthorized.   Because without letting them know she   donated the money. Task 5 5.1 1) The fact of this case is John was the Principal, Cathy was the agent and third party was Edwin. John hired Cathy as an agent to sell his boat because he is going overseas and he tell her that he wants to sell this as soon as possible with a minimum cost of $150,000.   After this Cathy post an add to sell the boat. She got 20 buyer but she decided to talk only 5. Then she got one of the buyer who offered her 140,000 for the boat and 10,000 for her if she accept the offer. 2) The duties which Cathy breached are they she didnt answered all of the calls. She answered only 5 calls. She should talk all of them. May shell get someone who can give her more than 150,000 and she also make a 10,000 commission by accepting the Edwins offer of 140,000. 3) John can cancel the contract with Cathy. Because he already told her the minimum amount of $150,000 and he can earn that commission profit by selling that boat himself. 5.2 The main legal question Is there any violation of the law happened by the Principal. The facts of the case: The fact of this case John was the Principal, Bryan was agent and Linda was third parties. John hired Bryan to sell an article through auction. Bryan sell the article to the Linda through auction and after some time she found that the original article had been stolen and Greg who was the real owner will be able to sue the Bryan because he sell the stolen article to Linda. The issue (s) are: The main concern is john appoints the Bryan to sell the stolen article but that time Bryan was not aware with that. But when Greg sued Bryan then he gets to know that article was stolen. But now he can able to recover the money from John. Decision and the reasons Yes, we can say that there was violation of the duties by the John. Because the article was stolen. So its illegal to sell someones article. 5.3 Assume that Jurgen is not liable to supply WDR. Explain what remedy WDR has, if any. The main legal question What remedy WDR has if Jorgen fails to supply? The facts of the case: In this case principal was Jurgen, Richard was agent and third party was WDR. Jorgen used to make chocolate and used to sell these in Adelaide local market. But after some time he appoint a agent in Sydney to sell their chocolates in Sydney local market. Richard was his agent he starts to sell their chocolates in Sydney. Richard is succeeding to arrange wine and dine stores to sell chocolates to them. But in the month of march Jorgen get some stretch in resources for the manufacturing of chocolate so he tell his agent not to accept any large order for next 3 months. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Jorgen already told to Richard not to accept any big order from any customer. But still Richard accepts big orders from WDR and from one of his new customer with same big amount.   Richard also gets a plasma TV from WDR for the promoted delivery. Decision and the reasons No, Jorgen will not be liable to supply the orders to WDR and new Customers. Richard will be liable for that. Because he takes order by himself while he knew that Jorgen told him not to accept any big orders for next 3 month. In this case WDR can sue Richard and claim all of their loss from Richard. WDR can sue Richard for not delivering the chocolates. Able to claim all their loss from Richard Can terminate the contract. Assume that Jurgen is liable to supply WDR. Explain what remedy Jurgen has, if any. The main legal question is What remedy Jorgen has if he liable to supply. The facts of the case: In this case principal was Jorgen, Richard was agent and third party was WDR. Jorgen used to make chocolate and used to sell these in Adelaide local market. But after some time he appoint a agent in Sydney to sell their chocolates in Sydney local market. Richard was his agent he starts to sell their chocolates in Sydney. Richard is succeeding to arrange wine and dine stores to sell chocolates to them. But in the month of march Jorgen get some stretch in resources for the manufacturing of chocolate so he tell his agent not to accept any large order for next 3 months. The issue (s) are: The issue is that Jorgen already told to Richard not to accept any big order from any customer. But still Richard accepts big orders from WDR and from one of his new customer with same big amount.   Richard also gets a plasma TV from WDR for the promoted delivery. Decision and the reasons Okay, Yes If Jorgen will be liable for the supply of chocolates to WDR. Then remedies which he will get is like he can claim for that Plasma TV which Richard gets from WDR also he can cancel the contract with Richard and also he can say no to Richard for his commission. Because Richard should not accept the order after gets written letter from Jorgen. 5.4  Ã‚   Discuss the remedies for breach of agents duties are applied to a given fact situation. Justify your answer. (E5-PC 5.4) Facts The office manager tells his secretary that she can buy a television for the office lunch room but she must not go over $500. The secretary buys a microwave for $750, telling the store it is for her work and to invoice them. When the invoice comes the office manager refuses to pay. What rights does the store have? The main legal question is Remedies after breaching the agents duties. The facts of the case: In this case Principal was Manager, Secretary was the agent and third party was store. The case is that Manager told secretary to buy a television for the lunch room. But it should not be more than $500. But instead of television secretary buys a microwave for $750 and she ask for the invoice to the store as for her work. The issue (s) are: The issue is that secretary breach the order of his manager and also the amount which she told to spend minimum. She buy a microwave instead of TV. When manager gets to know she refuses to pay her. Decision and the reasons The remedies should be like that: She has to pay for this by herself or if she refuse to pay then her Manager may deduct this from her salary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Contractual Remedies Act 1979. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1979/0011/latest/DLM366.html Declaratory relief law and legal definition. (2001-2016). Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/d/declaratory-relief/ Chron. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.smallbusiness.choron.com InvestorWords. (2016). Retrieved from http:/investorwords.com your dictionary. (1996-2016). Retrieved from http://www.yourdictionary.com

Treatment of Minorities in Turkey Essay -- Equality Justice Essays

Treatment of Minorities in Turkey Problems with format Turkey, a relatively new nation, is not new to internal conflict and the oppression of minorities. Wedged between Europe and the Middle East, the area occupied by Turkey has long served as a crossroads between these areas, and, as a result, Turkey's majority Islamic Arab populace is smattered with significant pockets of minorities. These religious and ethnic minorities have been the source of much controversy in Turkey, but now change appears to be on the horizon. As Turkey seeks the approval of the European Union, it has begun to implement impressive humanitarian reforms that should drastically improve the plight of the minorities that call the nation home. Undoing a Bitter History of Hate Turkey has been under the control of a self-pronounced secular administration for decades, and, ironically, progressive reform has only now become a reality as the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP) has assumed control of the government.[i] Thus far, the military establishment and existing political bureaucracy have been resistant to the AKP?s efforts to fully incorporate minority groups into mainstream society. Pointing to previous minority insurrections, military leaders are fearful that the new provisions will only serve to weaken the government's authority over the minority groups and to promote another wave of minority uprisings.[ii]? But, the possibility of membership to the European Union (EU) in 2004? has provided the AKP with adequate incentive to move forward with the reforms. EU membership does not currently include any majority Muslim nations. If Turkey were to be admitted next year, it would be first of its kind to do so. Therefore, Turkish officials hav... ...to Istanbul after synagogue blast,? The Independent (London), sec. News, November 17, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 12, 2003, p.4. [xviii] ibid, p.4. [xix] ibid, p.4. [xx] ibid, p.4. [xxi] Fiachra Gibbons, ?Comment & Analysis: The attack on Istanbul Jews is an attack on hope itself: The synagogue bombing threatens 1,300 years of tolerance,? The Guardian, November 17, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 19, 2003, p.20. [xxii] Geir Moulson, ?Erdogan challenges EU to admit Turkey, drop ?Christian club? image,? Associated Press Worldstream, sec. International News, September 3, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 19, 2003. [xxiii] ?At Last, Turkish Kurds,? p.14. [xxiv] ?Turkey still represses Kurds, despite EU-oriented reforms: rights group,? Agence France Presse, sec. International News, July 30, 2003, LexisNexis Academic, December 12, 2003.

Business Case Study Essay

A report on investigation into Business Case Date: May 02, 2013 Acquainted with your Business situation. I see a few problems within your business. One of the problems is changes in economic environment, which lead to conflict between stakeholders. The other problem is change of business structure. A success factor for any business is to analyse and understand the external environment in which it operates. Understanding of different types of stakeholders within business is essential too. To analyse business situation various method can be used. To analyse your current business situation I have used SWAT analyse which will give you opportunity better understand external environment and how it can impact your business. And will help you better understand conflict between stakeholders. The most basic SWOT analyse will examine how threats and opportunities can be dealt with while allowing the organisation to utilise its strengths and weaknesses to meet its key success factors [objectives]. A basic SWOT analysis should include an assessment of where the company is at current time and where it wishes to be at some point in the future . The organisation also needs to decide how far away that future is-it will vary from a few month to many years depending on the organisation, the nature of the business and its current situation (B 120, Book 1). SWOT analysis for the The Lodge Bistro Chain Strengths New IT system Initiative management stuff Possibility to adjust to changes Name and business recognition| Weaknesses Informal structure High stuff turnover Inconsistency in standards | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Opportunities New consumers base Reinstate some formal structure and rules| Threats Complete loss of concept Lose of standards Competition External economic environment| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As you can see from analyse above that the strengths will be recognition of your business and possibility of the business to adjust to new economic environment as you have initiative management team as it is described in Business Case: As an example of these issues, the young manager of one of the cafes in a central urban location began to offer a range of less expensive snacks to cater for diners on low incomes and reduced packaging to respond to the environmentally friendly principles of many customers. Another, in an area close to an office complex, offered a range of healthy eating options. It clearly shows that you have opportunities to attract new consumer’s base. Reinstate some formal structure and rules will give you better opportunity to control business Weaknesses arise from high stuff turnover, as you spend time, recourses for educating stuff. I think it would be beneficial to investigate why they leaving and looking for benefits packages you can purpose to your stuff And main threats arise from losing standards, huge competition and economic environment. For future I would purpose you to use methods like SWAT, STEEP and analyse of stakeholders before making any changes. Would be beneficial to make SWAT analyse on the way business was in 80’s and use it as comparison to current situation. It will give you opportunity to reinforce some formal structure more successfully. References The Open University (2006) B120 An Induction to business studies, Book 1, What is a business? ’, Milton Keynes, The Open University, page 95.

010 The Conversation Professor Ramos Blog

010 The Conversation Quick Write What do you think is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit WordPress.com Sign up for wordpress.com. This is the account you need to be able to post your essays. The Conversation We have already learned two important concepts: Literacy Writing Process The third concept is the metaphor of the conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used, help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided, to help us practice the principles of writing. It is true, of course, that critical thinking and writing go deeper than any set of linguistic formulas, requiring that you question assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, consider opposing arguments, and so on. But these deeper habits of thought cannot be put into practice unless you have a language for expressing them in clear, organized ways. (TSIS) State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid. Burkes Unending Conversation Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your allys assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Dont Blame the Eater You wrote a summary of the Zinczenko article for todays journal. Quick Write In your own words, what is the Conversation? Name(required) Email(required) Comment(required) Submit

A report on A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner

A report on A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner It has been said that love is truest in death. The short story "A Rose For Emily", by William Faulkner, reflects the meaning of this phrase, though in a slightly psychotic way. Faulkner leaves hints of his twisted ending throughout the story. The footsteps lead the reader to the grave and include a container of arsenic, a disappearing Yankee man and the beautiful, but dark way Faulkner unweaves his yarn.Entering the drug store Miss Emily asks for poison, the stronger the better. Under the druggist's questioning, Miss Emily implies that the arsenic was meant for her rat problem (Faulkner III). Miss Emily has been known to be a lonely lady so the gossip around town predicts that she will soon be a victim of suicide. The story continues and the arsenic becomes momentarily forgotten as the predictions of impending self-death pass and Miss Emily continues to live her solitary, quiet life.William Faulkner, 1954The arsenic is a planted hint to what will come as Miss Emily's secret is found out in the end of the story. The arsenic was used to kill Miss Emily's beau, Homer Barron.Miss Emily had an affair with Homer Barron, a Yankee who came to town with a crew of road workers. The rumors around town were that Homer was not the marrying type; some cackle-eyed old ladies mused that he liked men. Homer was not a likely marriage candidate for Miss Emily. He was a rough man, a laborer, and Miss Emily was from a refined, traditional, wealthy family. At the age of thirty she had little chance to be picky however, since her father had very successfully chased away any possible suitors long ago. Just as the town gossips had decided that Miss Emily and Homer really were to be...

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a paper stating why Term

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a stating why teenagers should have a curfew - Term Paper Example Based on research teenagers under curfew have high moral respect for both their parents and other people. On the other hand, teenagers not monitored always fall in social problems. This includes violent crimes and prostitution related activities. It, therefore, is a non-disputed fact that having students in curfews shapes their future. Keeping teenagers in curfew is a means of curtailing their freedom while improving their future. The consequences of curfews for teenagers do not serve their purpose. They are lousy ideas, which force teenagers to do the exact opposite of what is expected. According to research, teenagers tend to violate rules of curfew to do the extreme. They arrive in school late and engage in indiscipline cases, to get notice from other students (Robert 68). Drawing boundaries for teenagers initiate a fight between the students and the set boundaries. Teenagers under curfew, therefore, are problematic that teenagers acting on a free will. Consequently, curfews derail teenagers from revealing their talents, which should be exploited adequately. Talents are extremely beneficial in the life of teenagers; therefore, teenagers need curfews for regulation. Students lacking curfews tend to waste their talents on non-relevant

Brown and the Board of Education Research Paper

Brown and the Board of Education - Research Paper Example On May 1954, Landmark civil rights decision was issued by the Supreme Court. The decision declared segregated schools as unconstitutional, thus Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools reached an end. In 1992, George W. Bush signed the Public Law to commemorate the Brown decision of 1954. Background: During much of the American history, federal government dealt with racial issues and disparities by drawing an invisible yet authoritative line between black and white populations. One such attempt was the racial segregation or hyper segregation of white and black children in public schools under the Doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ schools. In Brown v. Board of Education case, brown refers to the one of the most famous fathers of America, Oliver Brown. Oliver Brown decided to seek legal redress when his daughter Linda Brown Thompson was refused enrollment in a white elementary school in Topeka, Kansas. Oliver Brown filed the case against segregated schools in 1 951 in Topeka. The following paper traces the footsteps of plaintiffs as well as the origins of one of the most important Supreme Court decision in American history, which not only molded the future of Topeka, but ultimately changed the entire nation. Brown v. Board of Education: In accordance with various sources, Oliver Brown is considered as a Lead Plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education case. However, Charles Scott Jr. claims that Oliver Brown was not a lead plaintiff but in fact his father along with Mr. Burnett and the NAACP drove the case. It is important to note that the legally mandated, segregation of public schools was not challenged for the first time by the Brown case. Previously, the segregation had also been challenged in the year 1849, by a Boston lawsuit. Furthermore, 11 lawsuits filed cases against legally mandated, segregation of public schools in Kansas, between 1881 and1949. On October 1, 1951, other law suits filed against segregation of school systems in Virg inia, Delaware, South Carolina and District of Columbia. These cases were combined with the Brown case in order to make the overall case strong enough to be presented in America’s highest court. The official name given to the combined cases was Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al. The case for the Brown plaintiffs was meticulously and authoritatively argued in the Supreme Court by NCAAP legal counsel Thurgood Marshall, who became the first African American to argue a case in the American Supreme Court. On May 17, 1954, a unanimous landmark decision was issued by the United States Supreme Court regarding the Oliver L. Brown et al. v. The Board of Education of Topeka, et al case, which declared the hyper segregation of children in public schools unconstitutional. The Decision was read by Earl Warren, who at that time was the Supreme Court Chief Justice. Following is part of the statement he read: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public educa tion the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.† (Patterson et al 2001). The Supreme Court declared that racial segregation has a detrimental effect not only on African American children